storing analytics data

app/Console/Commands/FlushRedisStatsCommand.php

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Services\ArtworkStatsService;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+/**
+ * Drain the Redis artwork-stat delta queue into MySQL.
+ *
+ * The ArtworkStatsService::incrementViews/Downloads methods push compressed
+ * delta payloads to a Redis list (`artwork_stats:deltas`) when Redis is
+ * available. This command drains that queue by applying each delta to the
+ * artwork_stats table via applyDelta().
+ *
+ * Designed to run every 5 minutes so counters stay reasonably fresh while
+ * keeping MySQL write pressure low. If Redis is unavailable the command exits
+ * immediately without error — the service already fell back to direct DB
+ * writes in that case.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   php artisan skinbase:flush-redis-stats
+ *   php artisan skinbase:flush-redis-stats --max=500
+ */
+class FlushRedisStatsCommand extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature   = 'skinbase:flush-redis-stats {--max=1000 : Maximum deltas to process per run}';
+    protected $description = 'Drain Redis artwork stat delta queue into MySQL';
+
+    public function handle(ArtworkStatsService $service): int
+    {
+        $max = (int) $this->option('max');
+
+        $processed = $service->processPendingFromRedis($max);
+
+        if ($this->getOutput()->isVerbose()) {
+            $this->info("Processed {$processed} artwork-stat delta(s) from Redis.");
+        }
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/PruneViewEventsCommand.php

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+/**
+ * Delete artwork_view_events rows older than N days.
+ *
+ * The view event log grows ~proportionally to site traffic. Rows beyond the
+ * retention window are no longer useful for trending (which looks back ≤7
+ * days) or for computing "recently viewed" lists in the UI.
+ *
+ * Default retention is 90 days — long enough for analytics queries and user
+ * history pages, short enough to keep the table from growing unbounded.
+ *
+ * Usage:
+ *   php artisan skinbase:prune-view-events
+ *   php artisan skinbase:prune-view-events --days=30
+ */
+class PruneViewEventsCommand extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature   = 'skinbase:prune-view-events {--days=90 : Delete events older than this many days}';
+    protected $description = 'Delete artwork_view_events rows older than N days';
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $days   = (int) $this->option('days');
+        $cutoff = now()->subDays($days);
+
+        $deleted = DB::table('artwork_view_events')
+            ->where('viewed_at', '<', $cutoff)
+            ->delete();
+
+        $this->info("Pruned {$deleted} view event(s) older than {$days} days (cutoff: {$cutoff}).");
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/RecalculateTrendingCommand.php

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use App\Services\TrendingService;
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+
+/**
+ * php artisan skinbase:recalculate-trending [--period=24h|7d] [--chunk=1000] [--skip-index]
+ */
+class RecalculateTrendingCommand extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'skinbase:recalculate-trending
+                            {--period=7d   : Period to recalculate (24h or 7d). Use "all" to run both.}
+                            {--chunk=1000  : DB chunk size}
+                            {--skip-index  : Skip dispatching Meilisearch re-index jobs}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Recalculate trending scores for artworks and sync to Meilisearch';
+
+    public function __construct(private readonly TrendingService $trending)
+    {
+        parent::__construct();
+    }
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $period    = (string)  $this->option('period');
+        $chunkSize = (int)     $this->option('chunk');
+        $skipIndex = (bool)    $this->option('skip-index');
+
+        $periods = $period === 'all' ? ['24h', '7d'] : [$period];
+
+        foreach ($periods as $p) {
+            if (! in_array($p, ['24h', '7d'], true)) {
+                $this->error("Invalid period '{$p}'. Use 24h, 7d, or all.");
+                return self::FAILURE;
+            }
+
+            $this->info("Recalculating trending ({$p}) …");
+            $start   = microtime(true);
+            $updated = $this->trending->recalculate($p, $chunkSize);
+            $elapsed = round(microtime(true) - $start, 2);
+
+            $this->info("  ✓ {$updated} artworks updated in {$elapsed}s");
+
+            if (! $skipIndex) {
+                $this->info("  Dispatching Meilisearch index jobs …");
+                $this->trending->syncToSearchIndex($p);
+                $this->info("  ✓ Index jobs dispatched");
+            }
+        }
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Commands/ResetWindowedStatsCommand.php

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Console\Commands;
+
+use Illuminate\Console\Command;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+/**
+ * php artisan skinbase:reset-windowed-stats --period=24h|7d
+ *
+ * Resets / recomputes the sliding-window stats columns in artwork_stats:
+ *
+ *   views_24h / views_7d
+ *     — Zeroed on each reset because we have no per-view event log.
+ *       Artworks re-accumulate from the next view event onward.
+ *       (Low-traffic reset window: 03:30 means minimal trending disruption.)
+ *
+ *   downloads_24h / downloads_7d
+ *     — Recomputed accurately from the artwork_downloads event log.
+ *       A single bulk UPDATE with a correlated COUNT() is safe here because
+ *       it runs once nightly/weekly, not in the hot path.
+ *
+ * Scheduled in routes/console.php:
+ *   --period=24h  daily at 03:30
+ *   --period=7d   weekly (Monday) at 03:30
+ */
+class ResetWindowedStatsCommand extends Command
+{
+    protected $signature = 'skinbase:reset-windowed-stats
+                            {--period=24h : Window to reset: 24h or 7d}';
+
+    protected $description = 'Reset windowed view/download counters in artwork_stats';
+
+    public function handle(): int
+    {
+        $period = (string) $this->option('period');
+
+        if (! in_array($period, ['24h', '7d'], true)) {
+            $this->error("Invalid period '{$period}'. Use 24h or 7d.");
+            return self::FAILURE;
+        }
+
+        [$viewsCol, $downloadsCol, $cutoff] = match ($period) {
+            '24h'   => ['views_24h', 'downloads_24h', now()->subDay()],
+            default => ['views_7d',  'downloads_7d',  now()->subDays(7)],
+        };
+
+        $start = microtime(true);
+
+        // ── 1. Zero the views window column ──────────────────────────────────
+        //    We have no per-view event log, so we reset the accumulator.
+        $viewsReset = DB::table('artwork_stats')->update([$viewsCol => 0]);
+
+        // ── 2. Recompute downloads window from the event log ─────────────────
+        //    artwork_downloads has created_at, so each row's window is accurate.
+        //    Chunked PHP loop avoids MySQL-only functions (GREATEST, INTERVAL)
+        //    so this command works in both MySQL (production) and SQLite (tests).
+        $downloadsRecomputed = 0;
+
+        DB::table('artwork_stats')
+            ->orderBy('artwork_id')
+            ->chunk(1000, function ($rows) use ($downloadsCol, $cutoff, &$downloadsRecomputed): void {
+                foreach ($rows as $row) {
+                    $count = DB::table('artwork_downloads')
+                        ->where('artwork_id', $row->artwork_id)
+                        ->where('created_at', '>=', $cutoff)
+                        ->count();
+
+                    DB::table('artwork_stats')
+                        ->where('artwork_id', $row->artwork_id)
+                        ->update([$downloadsCol => max(0, $count)]);
+
+                    $downloadsRecomputed++;
+                }
+            });
+
+        $elapsed = round(microtime(true) - $start, 2);
+
+        $this->info("Period: {$period}");
+        $this->info("  {$viewsCol}: zeroed {$viewsReset} rows");
+        $this->info("  {$downloadsCol}: recomputed {$downloadsRecomputed} rows ({$elapsed}s)");
+
+        Log::info('ResetWindowedStats complete', [
+            'period'               => $period,
+            'views_col'            => $viewsCol,
+            'views_rows_reset'     => $viewsReset,
+            'downloads_col'        => $downloadsCol,
+            'downloads_recomputed' => $downloadsRecomputed,
+            'elapsed_s'            => $elapsed,
+        ]);
+
+        return self::SUCCESS;
+    }
+}

app/Console/Kernel.php

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use App\Console\Commands\AggregateFeedAnalyticsCommand;
 use App\Console\Commands\EvaluateFeedWeightsCommand;
 use App\Console\Commands\AiTagArtworksCommand;
 use App\Console\Commands\CompareFeedAbCommand;
+use App\Console\Commands\RecalculateTrendingCommand;
 use App\Uploads\Commands\CleanupUploadsCommand;
 
 class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
@@ -36,6 +37,7 @@ class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
         CompareFeedAbCommand::class,
         AiTagArtworksCommand::class,
         \App\Console\Commands\MigrateFollows::class,
+        RecalculateTrendingCommand::class,
     ];
 
     /**
@@ -46,6 +48,9 @@ class Kernel extends ConsoleKernel
         $schedule->command('uploads:cleanup')->dailyAt('03:00');
         $schedule->command('analytics:aggregate-similar-artworks')->dailyAt('03:10');
         $schedule->command('analytics:aggregate-feed')->dailyAt('03:20');
+        // Recalculate trending scores every 30 minutes (staggered to reduce peak load)
+        $schedule->command('skinbase:recalculate-trending --period=24h')->everyThirtyMinutes();
+        $schedule->command('skinbase:recalculate-trending --period=7d --skip-index')->everyThirtyMinutes()->runInBackground();
     }
 
     /**

app/Http/Controllers/Api/ArtworkAwardController.php

@@ -34,6 +34,17 @@ final class ArtworkAwardController extends Controller
 
         $award = $this->service->award($artwork, $user, $data['medal']);
 
+        // Record activity event
+        try {
+            \App\Models\ActivityEvent::record(
+                actorId:    $user->id,
+                type:       \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TYPE_AWARD,
+                targetType: \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TARGET_ARTWORK,
+                targetId:   $artwork->id,
+                meta:       ['medal' => $data['medal']],
+            );
+        } catch (\Throwable) {}
+
         return response()->json(
             $this->buildPayload($artwork->id, $user->id),
             201

app/Http/Controllers/Api/ArtworkCommentController.php

@@ -93,6 +93,16 @@ class ArtworkCommentController extends Controller
 
         $comment->load(['user', 'user.profile']);
 
+        // Record activity event (fire-and-forget; never break the response)
+        try {
+            \App\Models\ActivityEvent::record(
+                actorId:    $request->user()->id,
+                type:       \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TYPE_COMMENT,
+                targetType: \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TARGET_ARTWORK,
+                targetId:   $artwork->id,
+            );
+        } catch (\Throwable) {}
+
         return response()->json(['data' => $this->formatComment($comment, $request->user()->id)], 201);
     }
 

app/Http/Controllers/Api/ArtworkDownloadController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;
+
+use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
+use App\Models\Artwork;
+use App\Services\ArtworkStatsService;
+use App\Services\ThumbnailPresenter;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/art/{id}/download
+ *
+ * Records a download event and returns the full-resolution download URL.
+ *
+ * Responsibilities:
+ *   1. Validates the artwork is public and published.
+ *   2. Inserts a row in artwork_downloads (artwork_id, user_id, ip, user_agent).
+ *   3. Increments artwork_stats.downloads + forwards to creator stats.
+ *   4. Returns {"ok": true, "url": "<download_url>"} so the frontend can
+ *      trigger the actual browser download.
+ *
+ * The frontend fires this POST on click, then uses the returned URL to
+ * trigger the file download (or falls back to the pre-resolved URL it
+ * already has).
+ */
+final class ArtworkDownloadController extends Controller
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly ArtworkStatsService $stats) {}
+
+    public function __invoke(Request $request, int $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $artwork = Artwork::public()
+            ->published()
+            ->with(['user:id'])
+            ->where('id', $id)
+            ->first();
+
+        if (! $artwork) {
+            return response()->json(['error' => 'Not found'], 404);
+        }
+
+        // Record the download event — non-blocking, errors are swallowed.
+        $this->recordDownload($request, $artwork);
+
+        // Increment counters — deferred via Redis when available.
+        $this->stats->incrementDownloads((int) $artwork->id, 1, defer: true);
+
+        // Resolve the highest-resolution download URL available.
+        $url = $this->resolveDownloadUrl($artwork);
+
+        return response()->json(['ok' => true, 'url' => $url]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Insert a row in artwork_downloads.
+     * Uses a raw insert for the binary(16) IP column.
+     * Silently ignores failures (analytics should never break user flow).
+     */
+    private function recordDownload(Request $request, Artwork $artwork): void
+    {
+        try {
+            $ip  = $request->ip() ?? '0.0.0.0';
+            $bin = @inet_pton($ip);
+
+            DB::table('artwork_downloads')->insert([
+                'artwork_id' => $artwork->id,
+                'user_id'    => $request->user()?->id,
+                'ip'         => $bin !== false ? $bin : null,
+                'user_agent' => mb_substr((string) $request->userAgent(), 0, 512),
+                'created_at' => now(),
+            ]);
+        } catch (\Throwable) {
+            // Analytics failure must never interrupt the download.
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve the best available download URL: XL → LG → MD.
+     * Returns an empty string if no thumbnail can be resolved.
+     */
+    private function resolveDownloadUrl(Artwork $artwork): string
+    {
+        foreach (['xl', 'lg', 'md'] as $size) {
+            $thumb = ThumbnailPresenter::present($artwork, $size);
+            if (! empty($thumb['url'])) {
+                return (string) $thumb['url'];
+            }
+        }
+        return '';
+    }
+}

app/Http/Controllers/Api/ArtworkInteractionController.php

@@ -36,6 +36,16 @@ final class ArtworkInteractionController extends Controller
             if ($state) {
                 $svc->incrementFavoritesReceived($creatorId);
                 $svc->setLastActiveAt((int) $request->user()->id);
+
+                // Record activity event (new favourite only)
+                try {
+                    \App\Models\ActivityEvent::record(
+                        actorId:    (int) $request->user()->id,
+                        type:       \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TYPE_FAVORITE,
+                        targetType: \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TARGET_ARTWORK,
+                        targetId:   $artworkId,
+                    );
+                } catch (\Throwable) {}
             } else {
                 $svc->decrementFavoritesReceived($creatorId);
             }

app/Http/Controllers/Api/ArtworkViewController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;
+
+use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
+use App\Models\Artwork;
+use App\Services\ArtworkStatsService;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+
+/**
+ * POST /api/art/{id}/view
+ *
+ * Fire-and-forget view tracker.
+ *
+ * Deduplication strategy (layered):
+ *   1. Session key (`art_viewed.{id}`) — prevents double-counts within the
+ *      same browser session (survives page reloads).
+ *   2. Route throttle (5 per 10 minutes per IP+artwork) — catches bots that
+ *      don't send session cookies.
+ *
+ * The frontend should additionally guard with sessionStorage so it only
+ * calls this endpoint once per page load.
+ */
+final class ArtworkViewController extends Controller
+{
+    public function __construct(private readonly ArtworkStatsService $stats) {}
+
+    public function __invoke(Request $request, int $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $artwork = Artwork::public()
+            ->published()
+            ->where('id', $id)
+            ->first();
+
+        if (! $artwork) {
+            return response()->json(['error' => 'Not found'], 404);
+        }
+
+        $sessionKey = 'art_viewed.' . $id;
+
+        // Already counted this session — return early without touching the DB.
+        if ($request->hasSession() && $request->session()->has($sessionKey)) {
+            return response()->json(['ok' => true, 'counted' => false]);
+        }
+
+        // Write persistent event log (auth user_id or null for guests).
+        $this->stats->logViewEvent((int) $artwork->id, $request->user()?->id);
+
+        // Defer to Redis when available, fall back to direct DB increment.
+        $this->stats->incrementViews((int) $artwork->id, 1, defer: true);
+
+        // Mark this session so the artwork is not counted again.
+        if ($request->hasSession()) {
+            $request->session()->put($sessionKey, true);
+        }
+
+        return response()->json(['ok' => true, 'counted' => true]);
+    }
+}

app/Http/Controllers/Api/Messaging/MessagingSettingsController.php

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ class MessagingSettingsController extends Controller
     {
         return response()->json([
             'allow_messages_from' => $request->user()->allow_messages_from ?? 'everyone',
+            'realtime_enabled' => (bool) config('messaging.realtime', false),
         ]);
     }
 
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ class MessagingSettingsController extends Controller
 
         return response()->json([
             'allow_messages_from' => $request->user()->allow_messages_from,
+            'realtime_enabled' => (bool) config('messaging.realtime', false),
         ]);
     }
 }

app/Http/Controllers/Api/SimilarArtworksController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Api;
+
+use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
+use App\Models\Artwork;
+use App\Services\ArtworkSearchService;
+use Illuminate\Http\JsonResponse;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+
+/**
+ * GET /api/art/{id}/similar
+ *
+ * Returns up to 12 similar artworks based on:
+ *   1. Tag overlap (primary signal)
+ *   2. Same category
+ *   3. Similar orientation
+ *
+ * Uses Meilisearch via ArtworkSearchService for fast retrieval.
+ * Current artwork and its creator are excluded from results.
+ */
+final class SimilarArtworksController extends Controller
+{
+    private const LIMIT     = 12;
+    private const CACHE_TTL = 300; // 5 minutes
+
+    public function __construct(private readonly ArtworkSearchService $search) {}
+
+    public function __invoke(int $id): JsonResponse
+    {
+        $artwork = Artwork::public()
+            ->published()
+            ->with(['tags:id,slug', 'categories:id,slug'])
+            ->find($id);
+
+        if (! $artwork) {
+            return response()->json(['error' => 'Artwork not found'], 404);
+        }
+
+        $cacheKey = "api.similar.{$artwork->id}";
+
+        $items = Cache::remember($cacheKey, self::CACHE_TTL, function () use ($artwork) {
+            return $this->findSimilar($artwork);
+        });
+
+        return response()->json(['data' => $items]);
+    }
+
+    private function findSimilar(Artwork $artwork): array
+    {
+        $tagSlugs    = $artwork->tags->pluck('slug')->values()->all();
+        $categorySlugs = $artwork->categories->pluck('slug')->values()->all();
+        $orientation = $this->orientation($artwork);
+
+        // Build Meilisearch filter: exclude self and same creator
+        $filterParts = [
+            'is_public = true',
+            'is_approved = true',
+            'id != ' . $artwork->id,
+            'author_id != ' . $artwork->user_id,
+        ];
+
+        // Filter by same orientation (landscape/portrait) — improves visual coherence
+        if ($orientation !== 'square') {
+            $filterParts[] = 'orientation = "' . $orientation . '"';
+        }
+
+        // Priority 1: tag overlap (OR match across tags)
+        if ($tagSlugs !== []) {
+            $tagFilter = implode(' OR ', array_map(
+                fn (string $t): string => 'tags = "' . addslashes($t) . '"',
+                $tagSlugs
+            ));
+            $filterParts[] = '(' . $tagFilter . ')';
+        } elseif ($categorySlugs !== []) {
+            // Fallback to category if no tags
+            $catFilter = implode(' OR ', array_map(
+                fn (string $c): string => 'category = "' . addslashes($c) . '"',
+                $categorySlugs
+            ));
+            $filterParts[] = '(' . $catFilter . ')';
+        }
+
+        $results = Artwork::search('')
+            ->options([
+                'filter' => implode(' AND ', $filterParts),
+                'sort'   => ['trending_score_7d:desc', 'likes:desc'],
+            ])
+            ->paginate(self::LIMIT);
+
+        return $results->getCollection()
+            ->map(fn (Artwork $a): array => [
+                'id'           => $a->id,
+                'title'        => $a->title,
+                'slug'         => $a->slug,
+                'thumb'        => $a->thumbUrl('md'),
+                'url'          => '/art/' . $a->id . '/' . $a->slug,
+                'author_id'    => $a->user_id,
+                'orientation'  => $this->orientation($a),
+                'width'        => $a->width,
+                'height'       => $a->height,
+            ])
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
+
+    private function orientation(Artwork $artwork): string
+    {
+        if (! $artwork->width || ! $artwork->height) {
+            return 'square';
+        }
+
+        return match (true) {
+            $artwork->width > $artwork->height => 'landscape',
+            $artwork->height > $artwork->width => 'portrait',
+            default => 'square',
+        };
+    }
+}

app/Http/Controllers/Api/UploadController.php

@@ -518,6 +518,16 @@ final class UploadController extends Controller
             $artwork->published_at = now();
             $artwork->save();
 
+            // Record upload activity event
+            try {
+                \App\Models\ActivityEvent::record(
+                    actorId:    (int) $user->id,
+                    type:       \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TYPE_UPLOAD,
+                    targetType: \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TARGET_ARTWORK,
+                    targetId:   (int) $artwork->id,
+                );
+            } catch (\Throwable) {}
+
             return response()->json([
                 'success' => true,
                 'artwork_id' => (int) $artwork->id,

app/Http/Controllers/Web/CommunityActivityController.php

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Http\Controllers\Web;
+
+use App\Http\Controllers\Controller;
+use App\Models\ActivityEvent;
+use App\Models\Artwork;
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+/**
+ * Community activity feed.
+ *
+ * GET /community/activity?type=global|following
+ */
+final class CommunityActivityController extends Controller
+{
+    private const PER_PAGE = 30;
+
+    public function index(Request $request)
+    {
+        $user   = $request->user();
+        $type   = $request->query('type', 'global'); // global | following
+        $perPage = self::PER_PAGE;
+
+        $query = ActivityEvent::query()
+            ->orderByDesc('created_at')
+            ->with(['actor:id,name,username']);
+
+        if ($type === 'following' && $user) {
+            // Show only events from followed users
+            $followingIds = DB::table('user_followers')
+                ->where('follower_id', $user->id)
+                ->pluck('user_id')
+                ->all();
+
+            if (empty($followingIds)) {
+                $query->whereRaw('0 = 1'); // empty result set
+            } else {
+                $query->whereIn('actor_id', $followingIds);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $events   = $query->paginate($perPage)->withQueryString();
+        $enriched = $this->enrich($events->getCollection());
+
+        return view('web.community.activity', [
+            'events'     => $events,
+            'enriched'   => $enriched,
+            'active_tab' => $type,
+            'page_title' => 'Community Activity',
+        ]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Attach target object data to each event for display.
+     */
+    private function enrich(\Illuminate\Support\Collection $events): \Illuminate\Support\Collection
+    {
+        // Collect artwork IDs and user IDs to eager-load
+        $artworkIds = $events
+            ->where('target_type', ActivityEvent::TARGET_ARTWORK)
+            ->pluck('target_id')
+            ->unique()
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+
+        $userIds = $events
+            ->where('target_type', ActivityEvent::TARGET_USER)
+            ->pluck('target_id')
+            ->unique()
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+
+        $artworks = Artwork::whereIn('id', $artworkIds)
+            ->with('user:id,name,username')
+            ->get(['id', 'title', 'slug', 'user_id', 'hash', 'thumb_ext'])
+            ->keyBy('id');
+
+        $users = User::whereIn('id', $userIds)
+            ->with('profile:user_id,avatar_hash')
+            ->get(['id', 'name', 'username'])
+            ->keyBy('id');
+
+        return $events->map(function (ActivityEvent $event) use ($artworks, $users): array {
+            $target = null;
+
+            if ($event->target_type === ActivityEvent::TARGET_ARTWORK) {
+                $artwork = $artworks->get($event->target_id);
+                $target  = $artwork ? [
+                    'id'    => $artwork->id,
+                    'title' => $artwork->title,
+                    'url'   => '/art/' . $artwork->id . '/' . $artwork->slug,
+                    'thumb' => $artwork->thumbUrl('sm'),
+                ] : null;
+            } elseif ($event->target_type === ActivityEvent::TARGET_USER) {
+                $u      = $users->get($event->target_id);
+                $target = $u ? [
+                    'id'       => $u->id,
+                    'name'     => $u->name,
+                    'username' => $u->username,
+                    'url'      => '/@' . $u->username,
+                ] : null;
+            }
+
+            return [
+                'id'          => $event->id,
+                'type'        => $event->type,
+                'target_type' => $event->target_type,
+                'actor'       => [
+                    'id'       => $event->actor?->id,
+                    'name'     => $event->actor?->name,
+                    'username' => $event->actor?->username,
+                    'url'      => '/@' . $event->actor?->username,
+                ],
+                'target'      => $target,
+                'created_at'  => $event->created_at?->toIso8601String(),
+            ];
+        });
+    }
+}

app/Http/Controllers/Web/DiscoverController.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use App\Services\ArtworkSearchService;
 use App\Services\ArtworkService;
 use App\Services\ThumbnailPresenter;
 use Illuminate\Http\Request;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Schema;
 
@@ -190,26 +191,56 @@ final class DiscoverController extends Controller
             ->pluck('user_id');
 
         if ($followingIds->isEmpty()) {
-            $artworks = Artwork::query()->paginate(0);
+            // Trending fallback: show popular artworks so the page isn't blank
+            try {
+                $fallbackResults = $this->searchService->discoverTrending(12);
+                $fallbackArtworks = $fallbackResults->getCollection()
+                    ->transform(fn ($a) => $this->presentArtwork($a));
+            } catch (\Throwable) {
+                $fallbackArtworks = collect();
+            }
+
+            // Suggested creators: most-followed users the viewer doesn't follow yet
+            $suggestedCreators = DB::table('users')
+                ->join('user_statistics', 'users.id', '=', 'user_statistics.user_id')
+                ->where('users.id', '!=', $user->id)
+                ->whereNotNull('users.email_verified_at')
+                ->where('users.is_active', true)
+                ->orderByDesc('user_statistics.followers_count')
+                ->limit(8)
+                ->select(
+                    'users.id',
+                    'users.name',
+                    'users.username',
+                    'user_statistics.followers_count',
+                )
+                ->get();
 
             return view('web.discover.index', [
-                'artworks'    => $artworks,
-                'page_title'  => 'Following Feed',
-                'section'     => 'following',
-                'description' => 'Follow some creators to see their work here.',
-                'icon'        => 'fa-user-group',
-                'empty'       => true,
+                'artworks'           => collect(),
+                'page_title'         => 'Following Feed',
+                'section'            => 'following',
+                'description'        => 'Follow some creators to see their work here.',
+                'icon'               => 'fa-user-group',
+                'empty'              => true,
+                'fallback_trending'  => $fallbackArtworks,
+                'fallback_creators'  => $suggestedCreators,
             ]);
         }
 
-        $artworks = Artwork::query()
-            ->public()
-            ->published()
-            ->with(['user:id,name,username', 'categories:id,name,slug,content_type_id,parent_id,sort_order'])
-            ->whereIn('user_id', $followingIds)
-            ->orderByDesc('published_at')
-            ->paginate($perPage)
-            ->withQueryString();
+        $page    = (int) request()->get('page', 1);
+        $cacheKey = "discover.following.{$user->id}.p{$page}";
+
+        $artworks = Cache::remember($cacheKey, 60, function () use ($user, $followingIds, $perPage): \Illuminate\Pagination\LengthAwarePaginator {
+            return Artwork::query()
+                ->public()
+                ->published()
+                ->with(['user:id,name,username', 'categories:id,name,slug,content_type_id,parent_id,sort_order'])
+                ->whereIn('user_id', $followingIds)
+                ->orderByDesc('published_at')
+                ->paginate($perPage)
+                ->withQueryString();
+        });
 
         $artworks->getCollection()->transform(fn ($a) => $this->presentArtwork($a));
 

app/Http/Controllers/Web/HomeController.php

@@ -14,7 +14,10 @@ final class HomeController extends Controller
 
     public function index(Request $request): \Illuminate\View\View
     {
-        $sections = $this->homepage->all();
+        $user     = $request->user();
+        $sections = $user
+            ? $this->homepage->allForUser($user)
+            : $this->homepage->all();
 
         $hero = $sections['hero'];
 
@@ -27,8 +30,9 @@ final class HomeController extends Controller
         ];
 
         return view('web.home', [
-            'meta'    => $meta,
-            'props'   => $sections,
+            'meta'         => $meta,
+            'props'        => $sections,
+            'is_logged_in' => (bool) $user,
         ]);
     }
 }

app/Models/ActivityEvent.php

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Models;
+
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
+use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Relations\BelongsTo;
+
+/**
+ * Unified activity feed event.
+ *
+ * Types: upload | comment | favorite | award | follow
+ * target_type: artwork | user
+ *
+ * @property int    $id
+ * @property int    $actor_id
+ * @property string $type
+ * @property string $target_type
+ * @property int    $target_id
+ * @property array|null $meta
+ * @property \Illuminate\Support\Carbon $created_at
+ */
+class ActivityEvent extends Model
+{
+    protected $table = 'activity_events';
+
+    public $timestamps = false;
+
+    const CREATED_AT = 'created_at';
+    const UPDATED_AT = null;
+
+    protected $fillable = [
+        'actor_id',
+        'type',
+        'target_type',
+        'target_id',
+        'meta',
+    ];
+
+    protected $casts = [
+        'actor_id'   => 'integer',
+        'target_id'  => 'integer',
+        'meta'       => 'array',
+        'created_at' => 'datetime',
+    ];
+
+    // ── Event type constants ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    const TYPE_UPLOAD   = 'upload';
+    const TYPE_COMMENT  = 'comment';
+    const TYPE_FAVORITE = 'favorite';
+    const TYPE_AWARD    = 'award';
+    const TYPE_FOLLOW   = 'follow';
+
+    const TARGET_ARTWORK = 'artwork';
+    const TARGET_USER    = 'user';
+
+    // ── Relations ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /** The user who performed the action */
+    public function actor(): BelongsTo
+    {
+        return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'actor_id');
+    }
+
+    // ── Factory helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    public static function record(
+        int    $actorId,
+        string $type,
+        string $targetType,
+        int    $targetId,
+        array  $meta = []
+    ): static {
+        $event = static::create([
+            'actor_id'    => $actorId,
+            'type'        => $type,
+            'target_type' => $targetType,
+            'target_id'   => $targetId,
+            'meta'        => $meta ?: null,
+            'created_at'  => now(),
+        ]);
+
+        // Ensure created_at is available on the returned instance
+        // ($timestamps = false means Eloquent doesn't auto-populate it)
+        if ($event->created_at === null) {
+            $event->created_at = now();
+        }
+
+        return $event;
+    }
+}

app/Models/Artwork.php

@@ -250,6 +250,12 @@ class Artwork extends Model
 			'created_at'  => $this->published_at?->toDateString() ?? $this->created_at?->toDateString() ?? '',
 			'is_public'   => (bool) $this->is_public,
 			'is_approved' => (bool) $this->is_approved,
+			// ── Trending / discovery fields ────────────────────────────────────
+			'trending_score_24h'    => (float) ($this->trending_score_24h ?? 0),
+			'trending_score_7d'     => (float) ($this->trending_score_7d  ?? 0),
+			'favorites_count'       => (int)   ($stat?->favorites         ?? 0),
+			'awards_received_count' => (int)   ($awardStat?->score_total  ?? 0),
+			'downloads_count'       => (int)   ($stat?->downloads         ?? 0),
 			'awards' => [
 				'gold'   => $awardStat?->gold_count   ?? 0,
 				'silver' => $awardStat?->silver_count ?? 0,

app/Services/ArtworkSearchService.php

@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ final class ArtworkSearchService
     // ── Discover section helpers ───────────────────────────────────────────────
 
     /**
-     * Trending: most viewed artworks, weighted toward recent uploads.
-     * Uses views:desc + recency via created_at:desc as tiebreaker.
+     * Trending: sorted by pre-computed trending_score_24h (recalculated every 30 min).
+     * Falls back to views:desc if the column is not yet populated.
      */
     public function discoverTrending(int $perPage = 24): LengthAwarePaginator
     {
@@ -185,7 +185,7 @@ final class ArtworkSearchService
             return Artwork::search('')
                 ->options([
                     'filter' => self::BASE_FILTER,
-                    'sort'   => ['views:desc', 'created_at:desc'],
+                    'sort'   => ['trending_score_24h:desc', 'trending_score_7d:desc', 'views:desc', 'created_at:desc'],
                 ])
                 ->paginate($perPage);
         });
@@ -239,6 +239,64 @@ final class ArtworkSearchService
         });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Artworks matching any of the given tag slugs, sorted by trending score.
+     * Used for personalized "Because you like {tags}" homepage section.
+     *
+     * @param string[] $tagSlugs
+     */
+    public function discoverByTags(array $tagSlugs, int $limit = 12): LengthAwarePaginator
+    {
+        if (empty($tagSlugs)) {
+            return $this->popular($limit);
+        }
+
+        $tagFilter = implode(' OR ', array_map(
+            fn (string $t): string => 'tags = "' . addslashes($t) . '"',
+            array_slice($tagSlugs, 0, 5)
+        ));
+
+        $cacheKey = 'discover.by-tags.' . md5(implode(',', $tagSlugs));
+
+        return Cache::remember($cacheKey, self::CACHE_TTL, function () use ($tagFilter, $limit) {
+            return Artwork::search('')
+                ->options([
+                    'filter' => self::BASE_FILTER . ' AND (' . $tagFilter . ')',
+                    'sort'   => ['trending_score_7d:desc', 'likes:desc'],
+                ])
+                ->paginate($limit);
+        });
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fresh artworks in given categories, sorted by created_at desc.
+     * Used for personalized "Fresh in your favourite categories" section.
+     *
+     * @param string[] $categorySlugs
+     */
+    public function discoverByCategories(array $categorySlugs, int $limit = 12): LengthAwarePaginator
+    {
+        if (empty($categorySlugs)) {
+            return $this->recent($limit);
+        }
+
+        $catFilter = implode(' OR ', array_map(
+            fn (string $c): string => 'category = "' . addslashes($c) . '"',
+            array_slice($categorySlugs, 0, 3)
+        ));
+
+        $cacheKey = 'discover.by-cats.' . md5(implode(',', $categorySlugs));
+
+        return Cache::remember($cacheKey, self::CACHE_TTL, function () use ($catFilter, $limit) {
+            return Artwork::search('')
+                ->options([
+                    'filter' => self::BASE_FILTER . ' AND (' . $catFilter . ')',
+                    'sort'   => ['created_at:desc'],
+                ])
+                ->paginate($limit);
+        });
+    }
+
     // -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
     private function parseSort(string $sort): array

app/Services/ArtworkStatsService.php

@@ -23,26 +23,56 @@ class ArtworkStatsService
     /**
      * Increment views for an artwork.
      * Set $defer=true to push to Redis for async processing when available.
+     * Both all-time (views) and windowed (views_24h, views_7d) are updated.
      */
     public function incrementViews(int $artworkId, int $by = 1, bool $defer = false): void
     {
         if ($defer && $this->redisAvailable()) {
-            $this->pushDelta($artworkId, 'views', $by);
+            $this->pushDelta($artworkId, 'views',     $by);
+            $this->pushDelta($artworkId, 'views_24h', $by);
+            $this->pushDelta($artworkId, 'views_7d',  $by);
             return;
         }
-        $this->applyDelta($artworkId, ['views' => $by]);
+        $this->applyDelta($artworkId, ['views' => $by, 'views_24h' => $by, 'views_7d' => $by]);
     }
 
     /**
      * Increment downloads for an artwork.
+     * Both all-time (downloads) and windowed (downloads_24h, downloads_7d) are updated.
      */
     public function incrementDownloads(int $artworkId, int $by = 1, bool $defer = false): void
     {
         if ($defer && $this->redisAvailable()) {
-            $this->pushDelta($artworkId, 'downloads', $by);
+            $this->pushDelta($artworkId, 'downloads',     $by);
+            $this->pushDelta($artworkId, 'downloads_24h', $by);
+            $this->pushDelta($artworkId, 'downloads_7d',  $by);
             return;
         }
-        $this->applyDelta($artworkId, ['downloads' => $by]);
+        $this->applyDelta($artworkId, ['downloads' => $by, 'downloads_24h' => $by, 'downloads_7d' => $by]);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Write one row to artwork_view_events (the persistent event log).
+     *
+     * Called from ArtworkViewController after session dedup passes.
+     * Guests (unauthenticated) are recorded with user_id = null.
+     * Rows are pruned after 90 days by skinbase:prune-view-events.
+     */
+    public function logViewEvent(int $artworkId, ?int $userId): void
+    {
+        try {
+            DB::table('artwork_view_events')->insert([
+                'artwork_id' => $artworkId,
+                'user_id'    => $userId,
+                'viewed_at'  => now(),
+            ]);
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            Log::warning('Failed to write artwork_view_events row', [
+                'artwork_id' => $artworkId,
+                'user_id'    => $userId,
+                'error'      => $e->getMessage(),
+            ]);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -75,17 +105,21 @@ class ArtworkStatsService
             DB::transaction(function () use ($artworkId, $deltas) {
                 // Ensure a stats row exists — insert default zeros if missing.
                 DB::table('artwork_stats')->insertOrIgnore([
-                    'artwork_id'   => $artworkId,
-                    'views'        => 0,
-                    'downloads'    => 0,
-                    'favorites'    => 0,
-                    'rating_avg'   => 0,
-                    'rating_count' => 0,
+                    'artwork_id'    => $artworkId,
+                    'views'         => 0,
+                    'views_24h'     => 0,
+                    'views_7d'      => 0,
+                    'downloads'     => 0,
+                    'downloads_24h' => 0,
+                    'downloads_7d'  => 0,
+                    'favorites'     => 0,
+                    'rating_avg'    => 0,
+                    'rating_count'  => 0,
                 ]);
 
                 foreach ($deltas as $column => $value) {
                     // Only allow known columns to avoid SQL injection.
-                    if (! in_array($column, ['views', 'downloads', 'favorites', 'rating_count'], true)) {
+                    if (! in_array($column, ['views', 'views_24h', 'views_7d', 'downloads', 'downloads_24h', 'downloads_7d', 'favorites', 'rating_count'], true)) {
                         continue;
                     }
 

app/Services/FollowService.php

@@ -50,6 +50,18 @@ final class FollowService
             $this->incrementCounter($targetId, 'followers_count');
         });
 
+        // Record activity event outside the transaction to avoid deadlocks
+        if ($inserted) {
+            try {
+                \App\Models\ActivityEvent::record(
+                    actorId: $actorId,
+                    type: \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TYPE_FOLLOW,
+                    targetType: \App\Models\ActivityEvent::TARGET_USER,
+                    targetId: $targetId,
+                );
+            } catch (\Throwable) {}
+        }
+
         return $inserted;
     }
 

app/Services/HomepageService.php

@@ -6,6 +6,8 @@ namespace App\Services;
 
 use App\Models\Artwork;
 use App\Models\Tag;
+use App\Services\ArtworkSearchService;
+use App\Services\UserPreferenceService;
 use App\Support\AvatarUrl;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
@@ -23,7 +25,11 @@ final class HomepageService
 {
     private const CACHE_TTL = 300; // 5 minutes
 
-    public function __construct(private readonly ArtworkService $artworks) {}
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly ArtworkService       $artworks,
+        private readonly ArtworkSearchService $search,
+        private readonly UserPreferenceService $prefs,
+    ) {}
 
     // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     // Public aggregator
@@ -44,6 +50,36 @@ final class HomepageService
         ];
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Personalized homepage data for an authenticated user.
+     *
+     * Sections:
+     *   1. from_following   – artworks from creators you follow
+     *   2. trending         – same trending feed as guests
+     *   3. by_tags          – artworks matching user's top tags
+     *   4. by_categories    – fresh uploads in user's favourite categories
+     *   5. tags / creators / news – shared with guest homepage
+     */
+    public function allForUser(\App\Models\User $user): array
+    {
+        $prefs = $this->prefs->build($user);
+
+        return [
+            'hero'           => $this->getHeroArtwork(),
+            'from_following' => $this->getFollowingFeed($user, $prefs),
+            'trending'       => $this->getTrending(),
+            'by_tags'        => $this->getByTags($prefs['top_tags'] ?? []),
+            'by_categories'  => $this->getByCategories($prefs['top_categories'] ?? []),
+            'tags'           => $this->getPopularTags(),
+            'creators'       => $this->getCreatorSpotlight(),
+            'news'           => $this->getNews(),
+            'preferences'    => [
+                'top_tags'       => $prefs['top_tags']       ?? [],
+                'top_categories' => $prefs['top_categories'] ?? [],
+            ],
+        ];
+    }
+
     // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     // Sections
     // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
@@ -72,54 +108,61 @@ final class HomepageService
     }
 
     /**
-     * Trending: up to 12 artworks ordered by award score, views, downloads, recent activity.
+     * Trending: up to 12 artworks sorted by pre-computed trending_score_7d.
      *
-     * Award score = SUM(weight × medal_value) where gold=3, silver=2, bronze=1.
-     * Uses correlated subqueries to avoid GROUP BY issues with MySQL strict mode.
+     * Uses Meilisearch sorted by the pre-computed score (updated every 30 min).
+     * Falls back to DB ORDER BY trending_score_7d if Meilisearch is unavailable.
+     * Spec: no heavy joins in the hot path.
      */
     public function getTrending(int $limit = 12): array
     {
         return Cache::remember("homepage.trending.{$limit}", self::CACHE_TTL, function () use ($limit): array {
-            $ids = DB::table('artworks')
-                ->select('id')
-                ->selectRaw(
-                    '(SELECT COALESCE(SUM(weight * CASE medal'
-                    . ' WHEN \'gold\' THEN 3'
-                    . ' WHEN \'silver\' THEN 2'
-                    . ' ELSE 1 END), 0)'
-                    . ' FROM artwork_awards WHERE artwork_awards.artwork_id = artworks.id) AS award_score'
-                )
-                ->selectRaw('COALESCE((SELECT views     FROM artwork_stats WHERE artwork_stats.artwork_id = artworks.id), 0) AS stat_views')
-                ->selectRaw('COALESCE((SELECT downloads FROM artwork_stats WHERE artwork_stats.artwork_id = artworks.id), 0) AS stat_downloads')
-                ->where('is_public', true)
-                ->where('is_approved', true)
-                ->whereNull('deleted_at')
-                ->whereNotNull('published_at')
-                ->where('published_at', '>=', now()->subDays(30))
-                ->orderByDesc('award_score')
-                ->orderByDesc('stat_views')
-                ->orderByDesc('stat_downloads')
-                ->orderByDesc('published_at')
-                ->limit($limit)
-                ->pluck('id');
+            try {
+                $results = Artwork::search('')
+                    ->options([
+                        'filter' => 'is_public = true AND is_approved = true',
+                        'sort'   => ['trending_score_7d:desc', 'trending_score_24h:desc', 'views:desc'],
+                    ])
+                    ->paginate($limit, 'page', 1);
 
-            if ($ids->isEmpty()) {
-                return [];
+                $results->getCollection()->load(['user:id,name,username', 'user.profile:user_id,avatar_hash']);
+
+                if ($results->isEmpty()) {
+                    return $this->getTrendingFromDb($limit);
+                }
+
+                return $results->getCollection()
+                    ->map(fn ($a) => $this->serializeArtwork($a))
+                    ->values()
+                    ->all();
+            } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+                Log::warning('HomepageService::getTrending Meilisearch unavailable, DB fallback', [
+                    'error' => $e->getMessage(),
+                ]);
+
+                return $this->getTrendingFromDb($limit);
             }
-
-            $indexed = Artwork::with(['user:id,name,username', 'user.profile:user_id,avatar_hash'])
-                ->whereIn('id', $ids)
-                ->get()
-                ->keyBy('id');
-
-            return $ids
-                ->filter(fn ($id) => $indexed->has($id))
-                ->map(fn ($id) => $this->serializeArtwork($indexed[$id]))
-                ->values()
-                ->all();
         });
     }
 
+    /**
+     * DB-only fallback for trending (Meilisearch unavailable).
+     * Uses pre-computed trending_score_7d column — no correlated subqueries.
+     */
+    private function getTrendingFromDb(int $limit): array
+    {
+        return Artwork::public()
+            ->published()
+            ->with(['user:id,name,username', 'user.profile:user_id,avatar_hash'])
+            ->orderByDesc('trending_score_7d')
+            ->orderByDesc('trending_score_24h')
+            ->limit($limit)
+            ->get()
+            ->map(fn ($a) => $this->serializeArtwork($a))
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Fresh uploads: latest 12 approved public artworks.
      */
@@ -268,6 +311,84 @@ final class HomepageService
         });
     }
 
+    // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    // Personalized sections (auth only)
+    // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /**
+     * Latest artworks from creators the user follows (max 12).
+     */
+    public function getFollowingFeed(\App\Models\User $user, array $prefs): array
+    {
+        $followingIds = $prefs['followed_creators'] ?? [];
+
+        if (empty($followingIds)) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        return Cache::remember(
+            "homepage.following.{$user->id}",
+            60, // short TTL – personal data
+            function () use ($followingIds): array {
+                $artworks = Artwork::public()
+                    ->published()
+                    ->with(['user:id,name,username', 'user.profile:user_id,avatar_hash'])
+                    ->whereIn('user_id', $followingIds)
+                    ->orderByDesc('published_at')
+                    ->limit(12)
+                    ->get();
+
+                return $artworks->map(fn ($a) => $this->serializeArtwork($a))->values()->all();
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Artworks matching the user's top tags (max 12).
+     * Powered by Meilisearch.
+     */
+    public function getByTags(array $tagSlugs): array
+    {
+        if (empty($tagSlugs)) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $results = $this->search->discoverByTags($tagSlugs, 12);
+
+            return $results->getCollection()
+                ->map(fn ($a) => $this->serializeArtwork($a))
+                ->values()
+                ->all();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            Log::warning('HomepageService::getByTags failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+            return [];
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Fresh artworks in the user's favourite categories (max 12).
+     * Powered by Meilisearch.
+     */
+    public function getByCategories(array $categorySlugs): array
+    {
+        if (empty($categorySlugs)) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        try {
+            $results = $this->search->discoverByCategories($categorySlugs, 12);
+
+            return $results->getCollection()
+                ->map(fn ($a) => $this->serializeArtwork($a))
+                ->values()
+                ->all();
+        } catch (\Throwable $e) {
+            Log::warning('HomepageService::getByCategories failed', ['error' => $e->getMessage()]);
+            return [];
+        }
+    }
+
     // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     // Helpers
     // ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

app/Services/TrendingService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,132 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Models\Artwork;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log;
+
+/**
+ * TrendingService
+ *
+ * Calculates and persists deterministic trending scores for artworks.
+ *
+ * Formula (Phase 1):
+ *   score = (award_score * 5)
+ *         + (favorites_count * 3)
+ *         + (reactions_count * 2)
+ *         + (downloads_count * 1)
+ *         + (views * 2)
+ *         - (hours_since_published * 0.1)
+ *
+ * The score is stored in artworks.trending_score_24h (artworks ≤ 7 days old)
+ * and artworks.trending_score_7d (artworks ≤ 30 days old).
+ *
+ * Both columns are updated every run; use `--period` to limit computation.
+ */
+final class TrendingService
+{
+    /** Weight constants — tune via config('discovery.trending.*') if needed */
+    private const W_AWARD     = 5.0;
+    private const W_FAVORITE  = 3.0;
+    private const W_REACTION  = 2.0;
+    private const W_DOWNLOAD  = 1.0;
+    private const W_VIEW      = 2.0;
+    private const DECAY_RATE  = 0.1; // score loss per hour since publish
+
+    /**
+     * Recalculate trending scores for artworks published within the look-back window.
+     *
+     * @param string $period    '24h' targets trending_score_24h (7-day window)
+     *                          '7d'  targets trending_score_7d  (30-day window)
+     * @param int    $chunkSize Number of IDs per DB UPDATE batch
+     * @return int   Number of artworks updated
+     */
+    public function recalculate(string $period = '7d', int $chunkSize = 1000): int
+    {
+        [$column, $windowDays] = match ($period) {
+            '24h'  => ['trending_score_24h', 7],
+            default => ['trending_score_7d', 30],
+        };
+
+        // Use the windowed counters: views_24h/views_7d and downloads_24h/downloads_7d
+        // instead of all-time totals so trending reflects recent activity.
+        [$viewCol, $dlCol] = match ($period) {
+            '24h'  => ['views_24h', 'downloads_24h'],
+            default => ['views_7d',  'downloads_7d'],
+        };
+
+        $cutoff  = now()->subDays($windowDays)->toDateTimeString();
+        $updated = 0;
+
+        Artwork::query()
+            ->select('id')
+            ->where('is_public', true)
+            ->where('is_approved', true)
+            ->whereNull('deleted_at')
+            ->whereNotNull('published_at')
+            ->where('published_at', '>=', $cutoff)
+            ->orderBy('id')
+            ->chunkById($chunkSize, function ($artworks) use ($column, &$updated): void {
+                $ids        = $artworks->pluck('id')->toArray();
+                $inClause   = implode(',', array_fill(0, count($ids), '?'));
+
+                // One bulk UPDATE per chunk – uses pre-computed windowed counters
+                // for views and downloads (accurate rolling windows, reset nightly/weekly)
+                // rather than all-time totals. All other signals use correlated subqueries.
+                // Column name ($column) is controlled internally, not user-supplied.
+                DB::update(
+                    "UPDATE artworks
+                     SET
+                         {$column} = GREATEST(
+                             COALESCE((SELECT score_total  FROM artwork_award_stats  WHERE artwork_award_stats.artwork_id  = artworks.id), 0) * ?
+                           + COALESCE((SELECT favorites    FROM artwork_stats        WHERE artwork_stats.artwork_id        = artworks.id), 0) * ?
+                           + COALESCE((SELECT COUNT(*)     FROM artwork_reactions    WHERE artwork_reactions.artwork_id    = artworks.id), 0) * ?
+                           + COALESCE((SELECT {$dlCol}     FROM artwork_stats        WHERE artwork_stats.artwork_id        = artworks.id), 0) * ?
+                           + COALESCE((SELECT {$viewCol}   FROM artwork_stats        WHERE artwork_stats.artwork_id        = artworks.id), 0) * ?
+                           - (TIMESTAMPDIFF(HOUR, artworks.published_at, NOW()) * ?)
+                         , 0),
+                         last_trending_calculated_at = NOW()
+                     WHERE id IN ({$inClause})",
+                    array_merge(
+                        [self::W_AWARD, self::W_FAVORITE, self::W_REACTION, self::W_DOWNLOAD, self::W_VIEW, self::DECAY_RATE],
+                        $ids
+                    )
+                );
+
+                $updated += count($ids);
+            });
+
+        Log::info('TrendingService: recalculation complete', [
+            'period'  => $period,
+            'column'  => $column,
+            'updated' => $updated,
+        ]);
+
+        return $updated;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Dispatch Meilisearch re-index jobs for artworks in the trending window.
+     * Called after recalculate() to keep the search index current.
+     */
+    public function syncToSearchIndex(string $period = '7d', int $chunkSize = 500): void
+    {
+        $windowDays = $period === '24h' ? 7 : 30;
+        $cutoff     = now()->subDays($windowDays)->toDateTimeString();
+
+        Artwork::query()
+            ->select('id')
+            ->where('is_public', true)
+            ->where('is_approved', true)
+            ->whereNull('deleted_at')
+            ->where('published_at', '>=', $cutoff)
+            ->chunkById($chunkSize, function ($artworks): void {
+                foreach ($artworks as $artwork) {
+                    \App\Jobs\IndexArtworkJob::dispatch($artwork->id);
+                }
+            });
+    }
+}

app/Services/UserPreferenceService.php

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace App\Services;
+
+use App\Models\User;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Cache;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;
+
+/**
+ * UserPreferenceService
+ *
+ * Builds a lightweight preference profile for a user based on:
+ *  - Tags on artworks they have favourited
+ *  - Categories of artwork they have favourited / downloaded
+ *  - Creators they follow
+ *
+ * Output shape:
+ * [
+ *   'top_tags'          => ['space', 'nature', ...],   // up to 5 slugs
+ *   'top_categories'    => ['wallpapers', ...],         // up to 3 slugs
+ *   'followed_creators' => [1, 5, 23, ...],             // user IDs
+ * ]
+ */
+final class UserPreferenceService
+{
+    private const CACHE_TTL = 300; // 5 minutes
+
+    public function build(User $user): array
+    {
+        return Cache::remember(
+            "user.prefs.{$user->id}",
+            self::CACHE_TTL,
+            fn () => $this->compute($user)
+        );
+    }
+
+    private function compute(User $user): array
+    {
+        return [
+            'top_tags'          => $this->topTags($user),
+            'top_categories'    => $this->topCategories($user),
+            'followed_creators' => $this->followedCreatorIds($user),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    /** Top tag slugs derived from the user's favourited artworks */
+    private function topTags(User $user, int $limit = 5): array
+    {
+        return DB::table('artwork_favourites as af')
+            ->join('artwork_tag as at', 'at.artwork_id', '=', 'af.artwork_id')
+            ->join('tags as t', 't.id', '=', 'at.tag_id')
+            ->where('af.user_id', $user->id)
+            ->where('t.is_active', true)
+            ->selectRaw('t.slug, COUNT(*) as cnt')
+            ->groupBy('t.id', 't.slug')
+            ->orderByDesc('cnt')
+            ->limit($limit)
+            ->pluck('slug')
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
+
+    /** Top category slugs derived from the user's favourited artworks */
+    private function topCategories(User $user, int $limit = 3): array
+    {
+        return DB::table('artwork_favourites as af')
+            ->join('artwork_category as ac', 'ac.artwork_id', '=', 'af.artwork_id')
+            ->join('categories as c', 'c.id', '=', 'ac.category_id')
+            ->where('af.user_id', $user->id)
+            ->whereNull('c.deleted_at')
+            ->selectRaw('c.slug, COUNT(*) as cnt')
+            ->groupBy('c.id', 'c.slug')
+            ->orderByDesc('cnt')
+            ->limit($limit)
+            ->pluck('slug')
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
+
+    /** IDs of creators the user follows, latest follows first */
+    private function followedCreatorIds(User $user, int $limit = 100): array
+    {
+        return DB::table('user_followers')
+            ->where('follower_id', $user->id)
+            ->orderByDesc('created_at')
+            ->limit($limit)
+            ->pluck('user_id')
+            ->values()
+            ->all();
+    }
+}