// main.cpp - Application orchestration (initialization, loop, UI states)
// High-level only: delegates Tetris logic, scores, background, font rendering.

#include <SDL3/SDL.h>
#include <SDL3/SDL_main.h>
#include <SDL3_ttf/SDL_ttf.h>
#include <string>
#include <cstdio>
#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <vector>
#include <random>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <memory>

#include "audio/Audio.h"
#include "audio/SoundEffect.h"

#include "gameplay/Game.h"
#include "persistence/Scores.h"
#include "graphics/Starfield.h"
#include "Starfield3D.h"
#include "graphics/Font.h"
#include "gameplay/LineEffect.h"
#include "states/State.h"
#include "states/LoadingState.h"
#include "states/MenuState.h"
#include "states/PlayingState.h"
#include "audio/MenuWrappers.h"

// Debug logging removed: no-op in this build (previously LOG_DEBUG)

// Font rendering now handled by FontAtlas

// ---------- Game config ----------
static constexpr int LOGICAL_W = 1200;
static constexpr int LOGICAL_H = 1000;
static constexpr int WELL_W = Game::COLS * Game::TILE;
static constexpr int WELL_H = Game::ROWS * Game::TILE;

// Piece types now declared in Game.h

// Scores now managed by ScoreManager

// 4x4 shapes encoded as 16-bit bitmasks per rotation (row-major 4x4).
// Bit 0 = (x=0,y=0), Bit 1 = (1,0) ... Bit 15 = (3,3)
// Shapes & game logic now in Game.cpp

// (removed inline shapes)

// Piece struct now in Game.h

// Game struct replaced by Game class

static const std::array<SDL_Color, PIECE_COUNT + 1> COLORS = {{
    SDL_Color{20, 20, 26, 255},  // 0 empty
    SDL_Color{0, 255, 255, 255}, // I
    SDL_Color{255, 255, 0, 255}, // O
    SDL_Color{160, 0, 255, 255}, // T
    SDL_Color{0, 255, 0, 255},   // S
    SDL_Color{255, 0, 0, 255},   // Z
    SDL_Color{0, 0, 255, 255},   // J
    SDL_Color{255, 160, 0, 255}, // L
}};

static void drawRect(SDL_Renderer *r, float x, float y, float w, float h, SDL_Color c)
{
    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(r, c.r, c.g, c.b, c.a);
    SDL_FRect fr{x, y, w, h};
    SDL_RenderFillRect(r, &fr);
}

// ...existing code...

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Enhanced Button Drawing
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void drawEnhancedButton(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, float cx, float cy, float w, float h, 
                               const std::string& label, bool isHovered, bool isSelected = false) {
    SDL_Color bgColor = isHovered ? SDL_Color{120, 150, 240, 255} : SDL_Color{80, 110, 200, 255};
    if (isSelected) bgColor = {160, 190, 255, 255};
    
    float x = cx - w/2;
    float y = cy - h/2;
    
    // Draw button background with border
    drawRect(renderer, x-2, y-2, w+4, h+4, {60, 80, 140, 255}); // Border
    drawRect(renderer, x, y, w, h, bgColor); // Background
    
    // Draw button text centered
    float textScale = 1.5f;
    float textX = x + (w - label.length() * 12 * textScale) / 2;
    float textY = y + (h - 20 * textScale) / 2;
    font.draw(renderer, textX, textY, label, textScale, {255, 255, 255, 255});
}

// External wrapper for enhanced button so other translation units can call it.
void menu_drawEnhancedButton(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, float cx, float cy, float w, float h,
                             const std::string& label, bool isHovered, bool isSelected) {
    drawEnhancedButton(renderer, font, cx, cy, w, h, label, isHovered, isSelected);
}

// Popup wrappers
// Forward declarations for popup functions defined later in this file
static void drawLevelSelectionPopup(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, SDL_Texture* bgTex, int selectedLevel);
static void drawSettingsPopup(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, bool musicEnabled);

void menu_drawLevelSelectionPopup(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, SDL_Texture* bgTex, int selectedLevel) {
    drawLevelSelectionPopup(renderer, font, bgTex, selectedLevel);
}

void menu_drawSettingsPopup(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, bool musicEnabled) {
    drawSettingsPopup(renderer, font, musicEnabled);
}

// Simple rounded menu button drawer used by MenuState (keeps visual parity with JS)
void menu_drawMenuButton(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, float cx, float cy, float w, float h,
                         const std::string& label, SDL_Color bgColor, SDL_Color borderColor) {
    float x = cx - w/2;
    float y = cy - h/2;
    drawRect(renderer, x-6, y-6, w+12, h+12, borderColor);
    drawRect(renderer, x-4, y-4, w+8, h+8, {255,255,255,255});
    drawRect(renderer, x, y, w, h, bgColor);

    float textScale = 1.6f;
    float approxCharW = 12.0f * textScale;
    float textW = label.length() * approxCharW;
    float tx = x + (w - textW) / 2.0f;
    float ty = y + (h - 20.0f * textScale) / 2.0f;
    font.draw(renderer, tx+2, ty+2, label, textScale, {0,0,0,180});
    font.draw(renderer, tx, ty, label, textScale, {255,255,255,255});
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Block Drawing Functions
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void drawBlockTexture(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* blocksTex, float x, float y, float size, int blockType) {
    if (!blocksTex || blockType < 0 || blockType >= PIECE_COUNT) {
        // Debug: print why we're falling back
        if (!blocksTex) {
            static bool printed = false;
            if (!printed) {
                (void)0;
                printed = true;
            }
        }
        // Fallback to colored rectangle if texture isn't available
        SDL_Color color = (blockType >= 0 && blockType < PIECE_COUNT) ? COLORS[blockType + 1] : SDL_Color{128, 128, 128, 255};
        drawRect(renderer, x, y, size-1, size-1, color);
        return;
    }
    
    // JavaScript uses: sx = type * spriteSize, sy = 0, with 2px padding
    // Each sprite is 90px wide in the horizontal sprite sheet
    const int SPRITE_SIZE = 90;
    float srcX = blockType * SPRITE_SIZE + 2;  // Add 2px padding like JS
    float srcY = 2;                            // Add 2px padding from top like JS
    float srcW = SPRITE_SIZE - 4;              // Subtract 4px total padding like JS
    float srcH = SPRITE_SIZE - 4;              // Subtract 4px total padding like JS
    
    SDL_FRect srcRect = {srcX, srcY, srcW, srcH};
    SDL_FRect dstRect = {x, y, size, size};
    SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, blocksTex, &srcRect, &dstRect);
}

static void drawPiece(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* blocksTex, const Game::Piece& piece, float ox, float oy, float tileSize, bool isGhost = false) {
    if (piece.type >= PIECE_COUNT) return;
    
    for (int cy = 0; cy < 4; ++cy) {
        for (int cx = 0; cx < 4; ++cx) {
            if (Game::cellFilled(piece, cx, cy)) {
                float px = ox + (piece.x + cx) * tileSize;
                float py = oy + (piece.y + cy) * tileSize;
                
                if (isGhost) {

                    SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_BLEND);

                    // Draw ghost piece as barely visible gray outline
                    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 180, 180, 180, 20); // Very faint gray
                    SDL_FRect rect = {px + 2, py + 2, tileSize - 4, tileSize - 4};
                    SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rect);
                    
                    // Draw thin gray border
                    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 180, 180, 180, 30);
                    SDL_FRect border = {px + 1, py + 1, tileSize - 2, tileSize - 2};
                    SDL_RenderRect(renderer, &border);
                } else {
                    drawBlockTexture(renderer, blocksTex, px, py, tileSize, piece.type);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

static void drawSmallPiece(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* blocksTex, PieceType pieceType, float x, float y, float tileSize) {
    if (pieceType >= PIECE_COUNT) return;
    
    // Use the first rotation (index 0) for preview
    Game::Piece previewPiece;
    previewPiece.type = pieceType;
    previewPiece.rot = 0;
    previewPiece.x = 0;
    previewPiece.y = 0;
    
    // Center the piece in the preview area
    float offsetX = 0, offsetY = 0;
    if (pieceType == I) { offsetX = tileSize * 0.5f; } // I-piece centering
    else if (pieceType == O) { offsetX = tileSize * 0.5f; } // O-piece centering
    
    // Use semi-transparent alpha for preview blocks
    Uint8 previewAlpha = 180; // Change this value for more/less transparency
    SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(blocksTex, previewAlpha);
    for (int cy = 0; cy < 4; ++cy) {
        for (int cx = 0; cx < 4; ++cx) {
            if (Game::cellFilled(previewPiece, cx, cy)) {
                float px = x + offsetX + cx * tileSize;
                float py = y + offsetY + cy * tileSize;
                drawBlockTexture(renderer, blocksTex, px, py, tileSize, pieceType);
            }
        }
    }
    SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(blocksTex, 255); // Reset alpha after drawing
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Popup Drawing Functions
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void drawLevelSelectionPopup(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, SDL_Texture* bgTex, int selectedLevel) {
    // Popup dims scale with logical size for responsiveness
    float popupW = std::min(760.0f, LOGICAL_W * 0.75f);
    float popupH = std::min(520.0f, LOGICAL_H * 0.7f);
    float popupX = (LOGICAL_W - popupW) / 2.0f;
    float popupY = (LOGICAL_H - popupH) / 2.0f;

    // Draw the background picture stretched to full logical viewport if available
    if (bgTex) {
        // Dim the background by rendering it then overlaying a semi-transparent black rect
        SDL_FRect dst{0, 0, (float)LOGICAL_W, (float)LOGICAL_H};
        SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, bgTex, nullptr, &dst);
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 160);
        SDL_FRect dim{0,0,(float)LOGICAL_W,(float)LOGICAL_H};
        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &dim);
    } else {
        // Fallback to semi-transparent overlay
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 180);
        SDL_FRect overlay{0, 0, (float)LOGICAL_W, (float)LOGICAL_H};
        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &overlay);
    }

    // Popup panel with border and subtle background
    drawRect(renderer, popupX-6, popupY-6, popupW+12, popupH+12, {90, 110, 140, 200}); // outer border
    drawRect(renderer, popupX-3, popupY-3, popupW+6, popupH+6, {30, 38, 60, 220}); // inner border
    drawRect(renderer, popupX, popupY, popupW, popupH, {18, 22, 34, 235}); // panel

    // Title (use retro pixel font)
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 28, popupY + 18, "SELECT STARTING LEVEL", 2.4f, {255, 220, 0, 255});

    // Grid layout for levels: 4 columns x 5 rows
    int cols = 4, rows = 5;
    float padding = 24.0f;
    float gridW = popupW - padding * 2;
    float gridH = popupH - 120.0f; // leave space for title and instructions
    float cellW = gridW / cols;
    float cellH = std::min(80.0f, gridH / rows - 12.0f);

    float gridStartX = popupX + padding;
    float gridStartY = popupY + 70;

    for (int level = 0; level < 20; ++level) {
        int row = level / cols;
        int col = level % cols;
        float cx = gridStartX + col * cellW;
        float cy = gridStartY + row * (cellH + 12.0f);

        bool isSelected = (level == selectedLevel);
        SDL_Color bg = isSelected ? SDL_Color{255, 220, 0, 255} : SDL_Color{70, 85, 120, 240};
        SDL_Color fg = isSelected ? SDL_Color{0, 0, 0, 255} : SDL_Color{240, 240, 245, 255};

        // Button background
        drawRect(renderer, cx + 8, cy, cellW - 16, cellH, bg);

        // Level label centered
        char levelStr[8]; snprintf(levelStr, sizeof(levelStr), "%d", level);
        float tx = cx + (cellW / 2.0f) - (6.0f * 1.8f); // rough centering
        float ty = cy + (cellH / 2.0f) - 10.0f;
        font.draw(renderer, tx, ty, levelStr, 1.8f, fg);
    }

    // Instructions under grid
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 28, popupY + popupH - 40, "CLICK A LEVEL TO SELECT  •  ESC = CANCEL", 1.0f, {200,200,220,255});
}

static void drawSettingsPopup(SDL_Renderer* renderer, FontAtlas& font, bool musicEnabled) {
    float popupW = 350, popupH = 260;
    float popupX = (LOGICAL_W - popupW) / 2;
    float popupY = (LOGICAL_H - popupH) / 2;
    
    // Semi-transparent overlay
    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 128);
    SDL_FRect overlay{0, 0, LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H};
    SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &overlay);
    
    // Popup background
    drawRect(renderer, popupX-4, popupY-4, popupW+8, popupH+8, {100, 120, 160, 255}); // Border
    drawRect(renderer, popupX, popupY, popupW, popupH, {40, 50, 70, 255}); // Background
    
    // Title
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 20, popupY + 20, "SETTINGS", 2.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
    
    // Music toggle
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 20, popupY + 70, "MUSIC:", 1.5f, {255, 255, 255, 255});
    const char* musicStatus = musicEnabled ? "ON" : "OFF";
    SDL_Color musicColor = musicEnabled ? SDL_Color{0, 255, 0, 255} : SDL_Color{255, 0, 0, 255};
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 120, popupY + 70, musicStatus, 1.5f, musicColor);
    
    // Sound effects toggle
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 20, popupY + 100, "SOUND FX:", 1.5f, {255, 255, 255, 255});
    const char* soundStatus = SoundEffectManager::instance().isEnabled() ? "ON" : "OFF";
    SDL_Color soundColor = SoundEffectManager::instance().isEnabled() ? SDL_Color{0, 255, 0, 255} : SDL_Color{255, 0, 0, 255};
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 140, popupY + 100, soundStatus, 1.5f, soundColor);
    
    // Instructions
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 20, popupY + 150, "M = TOGGLE MUSIC", 1.0f, {200, 200, 220, 255});
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 20, popupY + 170, "S = TOGGLE SOUND FX", 1.0f, {200, 200, 220, 255});
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 20, popupY + 190, "N = PLAY LETS_GO", 1.0f, {200, 200, 220, 255});
    font.draw(renderer, popupX + 20, popupY + 210, "ESC = CLOSE", 1.0f, {200, 200, 220, 255});
}

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Starfield effect for background
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Starfield now managed by Starfield class

// State manager integration (scaffolded in StateManager.h)
#include "core/StateManager.h"

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Intro/Menu state variables
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static double logoAnimCounter = 0.0;
static bool showLevelPopup = false;
static bool showSettingsPopup = false;
static bool showExitConfirmPopup = false;
static bool musicEnabled = true;
static int hoveredButton = -1; // -1 = none, 0 = play, 1 = level, 2 = settings

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Tetris Block Fireworks for intro animation (block particles)
// Forward declare block render helper used by particles
static void drawBlockTexture(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* blocksTex, float x, float y, float size, int blockType);
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
struct BlockParticle {
    float x, y, vx, vy, size, alpha, decay;
    int blockType; // 0..6
    BlockParticle(float sx, float sy)
        : x(sx), y(sy) {
        float angle = (rand() % 628) / 100.0f; // 0..2pi
        float speed = 1.5f + (rand() % 350) / 100.0f; // ~1.5..5.0
        vx = std::cos(angle) * speed;
        vy = std::sin(angle) * speed;
        size = 6.0f + (rand() % 50) / 10.0f; // 6..11 px
        alpha = 1.0f;
        decay = 0.012f + (rand() % 200) / 10000.0f; // 0.012..0.032
        blockType = rand() % 7; // choose a tetris color
    }
    bool update() {
        vx *= 0.985f; // friction
        vy = vy * 0.985f + 0.07f; // gravity
        x += vx;
        y += vy;
        alpha -= decay;
        size = std::max(2.0f, size - 0.04f);
        return alpha > 0.02f;
    }
};

struct TetrisFirework {
    std::vector<BlockParticle> particles;
    int mode = 0; // 0=random,1=red,2=green,3=palette
    TetrisFirework(float x, float y) {
        mode = rand() % 4;
        int particleCount = 30 + rand() % 25; // 30-55 particles
        particles.reserve(particleCount);
        for (int i = 0; i < particleCount; ++i) particles.emplace_back(x, y);
    }
    bool update() {
        for (auto it = particles.begin(); it != particles.end();) {
            if (!it->update()) it = particles.erase(it); else ++it;
        }
        return !particles.empty();
    }
    // Drawing is handled by drawFireworks_impl which accepts the texture to use.
};

static std::vector<TetrisFirework> fireworks;
static Uint64 lastFireworkTime = 0;

// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
// Fireworks Management
// -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
static void updateFireworks(double frameMs) {
    Uint64 now = SDL_GetTicks();
    // Randomly spawn new block fireworks (2% chance per frame), bias to lower-right
    if (fireworks.size() < 5 && (rand() % 100) < 2) {
        float x = LOGICAL_W * 0.55f + float(rand() % int(LOGICAL_W * 0.35f));
        float y = LOGICAL_H * 0.80f + float(rand() % int(LOGICAL_H * 0.15f));
        fireworks.emplace_back(x, y);
        lastFireworkTime = now;
    }
    
    // Update existing fireworks
    for (auto it = fireworks.begin(); it != fireworks.end();) {
        if (!it->update()) {
            it = fireworks.erase(it);
        } else {
            ++it;
        }
    }
}

// Primary implementation that accepts a texture pointer
static void drawFireworks_impl(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* blocksTexture) {
    for (auto& f : fireworks) {
        // Particle draw uses the texture pointer passed into drawBlockTexture calls from f.draw
        // We'll set a thread-local-ish variable by passing the texture as an argument to draw
        // routines or using the provided texture in the particle's draw path.
        // For simplicity, the particle draw function below will reference a global symbol
        // via an argument — we adapt by providing the texture when calling drawBlockTexture.
        // Implementation: call a small lambda that temporarily binds the texture for drawBlockTexture.
        struct Drawer { SDL_Renderer* r; SDL_Texture* tex; void drawParticle(struct BlockParticle& p) {
                if (tex) {
                    Uint8 prevA = 255;
                    SDL_GetTextureAlphaMod(tex, &prevA);
                    Uint8 setA = Uint8(std::max(0.0f, std::min(1.0f, p.alpha)) * 255.0f);
                    SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(tex, setA);
                    // Note: color modulation will be applied by callers of drawBlockTexture where needed
                    // but we mimic behavior from previous implementation by leaving color mod as default.
                    drawBlockTexture(r, tex, p.x - p.size * 0.5f, p.y - p.size * 0.5f, p.size, p.blockType);
                    SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(tex, prevA);
                    SDL_SetTextureColorMod(tex, 255, 255, 255);
                } else {
                    SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(r, 255, 255, 255, Uint8(p.alpha * 255));
                    SDL_FRect rect{p.x - p.size/2, p.y - p.size/2, p.size, p.size};
                    SDL_RenderFillRect(r, &rect);
                }
            }
    } drawer{renderer, blocksTexture};
        for (auto &p : f.particles) {
            drawer.drawParticle(p);
        }
    }
}
// External wrappers for use by other translation units (MenuState)
// Expect callers to pass the blocks texture via StateContext so we avoid globals.
void menu_drawFireworks(SDL_Renderer* renderer, SDL_Texture* blocksTex) { drawFireworks_impl(renderer, blocksTex); }
void menu_updateFireworks(double frameMs) { updateFireworks(frameMs); }
double menu_getLogoAnimCounter() { return logoAnimCounter; }
int menu_getHoveredButton() { return hoveredButton; }

int main(int, char **)
{
    // Initialize random seed for fireworks
    srand(static_cast<unsigned int>(SDL_GetTicks()));
    
    int sdlInitRes = SDL_Init(SDL_INIT_VIDEO | SDL_INIT_AUDIO);
    if (sdlInitRes < 0)
    {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "SDL_Init failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
        return 1;
    }
    int ttfInitRes = TTF_Init();
    if (ttfInitRes < 0)
    {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "TTF_Init failed");
        SDL_Quit();
        return 1;
    }
    SDL_Window *window = SDL_CreateWindow("Tetris (SDL3)", LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H, SDL_WINDOW_RESIZABLE);
    if (!window)
    {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "SDL_CreateWindow failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
        TTF_Quit();
        SDL_Quit();
        return 1;
    }
    SDL_Renderer *renderer = SDL_CreateRenderer(window, nullptr);
    if (!renderer)
    {
        SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "SDL_CreateRenderer failed: %s", SDL_GetError());
        SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
        TTF_Quit();
        SDL_Quit();
        return 1;
    }
    SDL_SetRenderVSync(renderer, 1);

    FontAtlas font;
    font.init("FreeSans.ttf", 24);
    
    // Load PressStart2P font for loading screen and retro UI elements
    FontAtlas pixelFont;
    pixelFont.init("assets/fonts/PressStart2P-Regular.ttf", 16);
    
    ScoreManager scores;
    scores.load();
    Starfield starfield;
    starfield.init(200, LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H);
    Starfield3D starfield3D;
    starfield3D.init(LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H, 200);
    
    // Initialize line clearing effects
    LineEffect lineEffect;
    lineEffect.init(renderer);
    
    // Load logo using native SDL BMP loading
    SDL_Texture *logoTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Surface* logoSurface = SDL_LoadBMP("assets/images/logo.bmp");
    if (logoSurface) {
    (void)0;
        logoTex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, logoSurface);
        SDL_DestroySurface(logoSurface);
    } else {
    (void)0;
    }
    // Load small logo (used by Menu to show whole logo)
    SDL_Texture *logoSmallTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Surface* logoSmallSurface = SDL_LoadBMP("assets/images/logo_small.bmp");
    int logoSmallW = 0, logoSmallH = 0;
    if (logoSmallSurface) {
        // capture surface size before creating the texture (avoids SDL_QueryTexture)
        logoSmallW = logoSmallSurface->w;
        logoSmallH = logoSmallSurface->h;
        logoSmallTex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, logoSmallSurface);
        SDL_DestroySurface(logoSmallSurface);
    } else {
        // fallback: leave logoSmallTex null so MenuState will use large logo
        (void)0;
    }
    
    // Load background using native SDL BMP loading
    SDL_Texture *backgroundTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Surface* backgroundSurface = SDL_LoadBMP("assets/images/main_background.bmp");
    if (backgroundSurface) {
    (void)0;
        backgroundTex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, backgroundSurface);
        SDL_DestroySurface(backgroundSurface);
    } else {
    (void)0;
    }

    // Note: `backgroundTex` is owned by main and passed into `StateContext::backgroundTex` below.
    // States should render using `ctx.backgroundTex` rather than accessing globals.
    
    // Level background caching system
    SDL_Texture *levelBackgroundTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Texture *nextLevelBackgroundTex = nullptr; // used during fade transitions
    int cachedLevel = -1; // Track which level background is currently cached
    float levelFadeAlpha = 0.0f; // 0..1 blend factor where 1 means next fully visible
    const float LEVEL_FADE_DURATION = 3500.0f; // ms for fade transition (3.5s)
    float levelFadeElapsed = 0.0f;
    
    // Load blocks texture using native SDL BMP loading
    SDL_Texture *blocksTex = nullptr;
    SDL_Surface* blocksSurface = SDL_LoadBMP("assets/images/blocks90px_001.bmp");
    if (blocksSurface) {
    (void)0;
        blocksTex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, blocksSurface);
        SDL_DestroySurface(blocksSurface);
    } else {
    (void)0;
    }
    // No global exposure of blocksTex; states receive textures via StateContext.
    
    if (!blocksTex) {
    (void)0;
        
        // Create a 630x90 texture (7 blocks * 90px each)
        blocksTex = SDL_CreateTexture(renderer, SDL_PIXELFORMAT_RGBA8888, SDL_TEXTUREACCESS_TARGET, 630, 90);
        if (blocksTex) {
            // Set texture as render target and draw colored blocks
            SDL_SetRenderTarget(renderer, blocksTex);
            SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 0);
            SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
            
            // Draw each block type with its color
            for (int i = 0; i < PIECE_COUNT; ++i) {
                SDL_Color color = COLORS[i + 1];
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, color.r, color.g, color.b, 255);
                SDL_FRect rect = {float(i * 90 + 4), 4, 82, 82}; // 4px padding, 82x82 block
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rect);
                
                // Add a highlight effect
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 
                    (Uint8)std::min(255, color.r + 30),
                    (Uint8)std::min(255, color.g + 30),
                    (Uint8)std::min(255, color.b + 30), 255);
                SDL_FRect highlight = {float(i * 90 + 4), 4, 82, 20};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &highlight);
            }
            
            // Reset render target
            SDL_SetRenderTarget(renderer, nullptr);
            (void)0;
        } else {
            std::fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create programmatic texture: %s\n", SDL_GetError());
        }
    } else {
    (void)0;
    }

    // Provide the blocks sheet to the fireworks system through StateContext (no globals).

    // Default start level selection: 0
    int startLevelSelection = 0;
    Game game(startLevelSelection);
    
    // Initialize sound effects system
    SoundEffectManager::instance().init();
    
    // Load sound effects
    SoundEffectManager::instance().loadSound("clear_line", "assets/music/clear_line.wav");
    
    // Load voice lines for line clears using WAV files (with MP3 fallback)
    std::vector<std::string> doubleSounds = {"nice_combo", "you_fire", "well_played", "keep_that_ryhtm"};
    std::vector<std::string> tripleSounds = {"great_move", "smooth_clear", "impressive", "triple_strike"};
    std::vector<std::string> tetrisSounds = {"amazing", "you_re_unstoppable", "boom_tetris", "wonderful"};
    
    // Helper function to load sound with WAV/MP3 fallback and file existence check
    auto loadSoundWithFallback = [&](const std::string& id, const std::string& baseName) {
        std::string wavPath = "assets/music/" + baseName + ".wav";
        std::string mp3Path = "assets/music/" + baseName + ".mp3";
        
        // Check if WAV file exists first
        SDL_IOStream* wavFile = SDL_IOFromFile(wavPath.c_str(), "rb");
        if (wavFile) {
            SDL_CloseIO(wavFile);
            if (SoundEffectManager::instance().loadSound(id, wavPath)) {
                (void)0;
                return;
            }
        }
        
        // Fallback to MP3 if WAV doesn't exist or fails to load
        SDL_IOStream* mp3File = SDL_IOFromFile(mp3Path.c_str(), "rb");
        if (mp3File) {
            SDL_CloseIO(mp3File);
            if (SoundEffectManager::instance().loadSound(id, mp3Path)) {
                (void)0;
                return;
            }
        }
        
    SDL_LogError(SDL_LOG_CATEGORY_APPLICATION, "Failed to load sound: %s (tried both WAV and MP3)", id.c_str());
    };
    
    loadSoundWithFallback("nice_combo", "nice_combo");
    loadSoundWithFallback("you_fire", "you_fire");
    loadSoundWithFallback("well_played", "well_played");
    loadSoundWithFallback("keep_that_ryhtm", "keep_that_ryhtm");
    loadSoundWithFallback("great_move", "great_move");
    loadSoundWithFallback("smooth_clear", "smooth_clear");
    loadSoundWithFallback("impressive", "impressive");
    loadSoundWithFallback("triple_strike", "triple_strike");
    loadSoundWithFallback("amazing", "amazing");
    loadSoundWithFallback("you_re_unstoppable", "you_re_unstoppable");
    loadSoundWithFallback("boom_tetris", "boom_tetris");
    loadSoundWithFallback("wonderful", "wonderful");
    loadSoundWithFallback("lets_go", "lets_go"); // For level up
    
    // Set up sound effect callbacks
    game.setSoundCallback([&](int linesCleared) {
        // Play basic line clear sound first
        SoundEffectManager::instance().playSound("clear_line", 1.0f); // Increased volume
        
        // Then play voice line based on number of lines cleared
        if (linesCleared == 2) {
            SoundEffectManager::instance().playRandomSound(doubleSounds, 1.0f); // Increased volume
        } else if (linesCleared == 3) {
            SoundEffectManager::instance().playRandomSound(tripleSounds, 1.0f); // Increased volume
        } else if (linesCleared == 4) {
            SoundEffectManager::instance().playRandomSound(tetrisSounds, 1.0f); // Increased volume
        }
        // Single line clears just play the basic clear sound (no voice in JS version)
    });
    
    game.setLevelUpCallback([&](int newLevel) {
        // Play level up sound
        SoundEffectManager::instance().playSound("lets_go", 1.0f); // Increased volume
    });
    
    AppState state = AppState::Loading;
    double loadingProgress = 0.0;
    Uint64 loadStart = SDL_GetTicks();
    bool running = true, isFullscreen = false;
    bool leftHeld = false, rightHeld = false;
    double moveTimerMs = 0;
    const double DAS = 170.0, ARR = 40.0;
    SDL_Rect logicalVP{0, 0, LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H};
    float logicalScale = 1.f;
    Uint64 lastMs = SDL_GetTicks();
    bool musicStarted = false;
    bool musicLoaded = false;
    int currentTrackLoading = 0;
    int totalTracks = 0; // Will be set dynamically based on actual files
    
    // Instantiate state manager
    StateManager stateMgr(state);

    // Prepare shared context for states
    StateContext ctx{};
    // Allow states to access the state manager for transitions
    ctx.stateManager = &stateMgr;
    ctx.game = &game;
    ctx.scores = &scores;
    ctx.starfield = &starfield;
    ctx.starfield3D = &starfield3D;
    ctx.font = &font;
    ctx.pixelFont = &pixelFont;
    ctx.lineEffect = &lineEffect;
    ctx.logoTex = logoTex;
    ctx.logoSmallTex = logoSmallTex;
    ctx.logoSmallW = logoSmallW;
    ctx.logoSmallH = logoSmallH;
    ctx.backgroundTex = backgroundTex;
    ctx.blocksTex = blocksTex;
    ctx.musicEnabled = &musicEnabled;
    ctx.startLevelSelection = &startLevelSelection;
    ctx.hoveredButton = &hoveredButton;
    ctx.showLevelPopup = &showLevelPopup;
    ctx.showSettingsPopup = &showSettingsPopup;
    ctx.showExitConfirmPopup = &showExitConfirmPopup;

    // Instantiate state objects
    auto loadingState = std::make_unique<LoadingState>(ctx);
    auto menuState = std::make_unique<MenuState>(ctx);
    auto playingState = std::make_unique<PlayingState>(ctx);

    // Register handlers and lifecycle hooks
    stateMgr.registerHandler(AppState::Loading, [&](const SDL_Event& e){ loadingState->handleEvent(e); });
    stateMgr.registerOnEnter(AppState::Loading, [&](){ loadingState->onEnter(); });
    stateMgr.registerOnExit(AppState::Loading, [&](){ loadingState->onExit(); });

    stateMgr.registerHandler(AppState::Menu, [&](const SDL_Event& e){ menuState->handleEvent(e); });
    stateMgr.registerOnEnter(AppState::Menu, [&](){ menuState->onEnter(); });
    stateMgr.registerOnExit(AppState::Menu, [&](){ menuState->onExit(); });

    // Combined Playing state handler: run playingState handler and inline gameplay mapping
    stateMgr.registerHandler(AppState::Playing, [&](const SDL_Event& e){
        // First give the PlayingState a chance to handle the event
        playingState->handleEvent(e);

        // Then perform inline gameplay mappings (gravity/rotation/hard-drop/hold)
        if (e.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN && !e.key.repeat) {
            if (!game.isPaused()) {
                if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_SPACE) {
                    game.hardDrop();
                }
                else if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_UP) {
                    game.rotate(+1);
                }
                else if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_Z || (e.key.mod & SDL_KMOD_SHIFT)) {
                    game.rotate(-1);
                }
                else if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_C || (e.key.mod & SDL_KMOD_CTRL)) {
                    game.holdCurrent();
                }
            }
        }
    });
    stateMgr.registerOnEnter(AppState::Playing, [&](){ playingState->onEnter(); });
    stateMgr.registerOnExit(AppState::Playing, [&](){ playingState->onExit(); });

    // Playing, LevelSelect and GameOver currently use inline logic in main; we'll migrate later
    while (running)
    {
        int winW = 0, winH = 0;
        SDL_GetWindowSize(window, &winW, &winH);
        
        // Use the full window for the viewport, scale to fit content
        logicalScale = std::min(winW / (float)LOGICAL_W, winH / (float)LOGICAL_H);
        if (logicalScale <= 0)
            logicalScale = 1.f;
        
        // Fill the entire window with our viewport
        logicalVP.w = winW;
        logicalVP.h = winH;
        logicalVP.x = 0;
        logicalVP.y = 0;
        // --- Events ---
        SDL_Event e;
        while (SDL_PollEvent(&e))
        {
            if (e.type == SDL_EVENT_QUIT)
                running = false;
            else {
                // Route event to state manager handlers for per-state logic
                stateMgr.handleEvent(e);

                // Global key toggles (applies regardless of state)
                if (e.type == SDL_EVENT_KEY_DOWN && !e.key.repeat) {
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_M)
                    {
                        Audio::instance().toggleMute();
                        musicEnabled = !musicEnabled;
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_S)
                    {
                        // Toggle sound effects
                        SoundEffectManager::instance().setEnabled(!SoundEffectManager::instance().isEnabled());
                    }
                    if (e.key.scancode == SDL_SCANCODE_N)
                    {
                        // Test sound effects - play lets_go.wav specifically
                        SoundEffectManager::instance().playSound("lets_go", 1.0f);
                    }
                    if (e.key.key == SDLK_F11 || (e.key.key == SDLK_RETURN && (e.key.mod & SDL_KMOD_ALT)))
                    {
                        isFullscreen = !isFullscreen;
                        SDL_SetWindowFullscreen(window, isFullscreen ? SDL_WINDOW_FULLSCREEN : 0);
                    }
                }

                // Mouse handling remains in main loop for UI interactions
                if (e.type == SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_BUTTON_DOWN)
                {
                    float mx = (float)e.button.x, my = (float)e.button.y;
                    if (mx >= logicalVP.x && my >= logicalVP.y && mx <= logicalVP.x + logicalVP.w && my <= logicalVP.y + logicalVP.h)
                    {
                        float lx = (mx - logicalVP.x) / logicalScale, ly = (my - logicalVP.y) / logicalScale;
                        if (state == AppState::Menu)
                        {
                            // Compute content offsets (match MenuState centering)
                            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;

                            if (showLevelPopup) {
                                // Handle level selection popup clicks
                                float popupW = 400, popupH = 300;
                                float popupX = (LOGICAL_W - popupW) / 2;
                                float popupY = (LOGICAL_H - popupH) / 2;
                                
                                if (lx >= popupX && lx <= popupX + popupW && ly >= popupY && ly <= popupY + popupH) {
                                    // Click inside popup - check level grid
                                    float gridStartX = popupX + 50;
                                    float gridStartY = popupY + 70;
                                    float cellW = 70, cellH = 35;
                                    
                                    if (lx >= gridStartX && ly >= gridStartY) {
                                        int col = int((lx - gridStartX) / cellW);
                                        int row = int((ly - gridStartY) / cellH);
                                        if (col >= 0 && col < 4 && row >= 0 && row < 5) {
                                            int selectedLevel = row * 4 + col;
                                            if (selectedLevel < 20) {
                                                startLevelSelection = selectedLevel;
                                                showLevelPopup = false;
                                            }
                                        }
                                    }
                                } else {
                                    // Click outside popup - close it
                                    showLevelPopup = false;
                                }
                            } else if (showSettingsPopup) {
                                // Click anywhere closes settings popup
                                showSettingsPopup = false;
                            } else {
                                // Responsive Main menu buttons (match MenuState layout)
                                bool isSmall = ((LOGICAL_W * logicalScale) < 700.0f);
                                float btnW = isSmall ? (LOGICAL_W * 0.4f) : 300.0f;
                                float btnH = isSmall ? 60.0f : 70.0f;
                                float btnCX = LOGICAL_W * 0.5f + contentOffsetX;
                                const float btnYOffset = 40.0f; // must match MenuState offset
                                float btnCY = LOGICAL_H * 0.86f + contentOffsetY + btnYOffset;
                                SDL_FRect playBtn{btnCX - btnW * 0.6f - btnW/2.0f, btnCY - btnH/2.0f, btnW, btnH};
                                SDL_FRect levelBtn{btnCX + btnW * 0.6f - btnW/2.0f, btnCY - btnH/2.0f, btnW, btnH};

                                if (lx >= playBtn.x && lx <= playBtn.x + playBtn.w && ly >= playBtn.y && ly <= playBtn.y + playBtn.h)
                                {
                                    // Reset the game first with the chosen start level so HUD and
                                    // Playing state see the correct 0-based level immediately.
                                    game.reset(startLevelSelection);
                                    state = AppState::Playing;
                                    stateMgr.setState(state);
                                }
                                else if (lx >= levelBtn.x && lx <= levelBtn.x + levelBtn.w && ly >= levelBtn.y && ly <= levelBtn.y + levelBtn.h)
                                {
                                    showLevelPopup = true;
                                }
                                
                                // Settings button (gear icon area - top right)
                                SDL_FRect settingsBtn{LOGICAL_W - 60, 10, 50, 30};
                                if (lx >= settingsBtn.x && lx <= settingsBtn.x + settingsBtn.w && ly >= settingsBtn.y && ly <= settingsBtn.y + settingsBtn.h)
                                {
                                    showSettingsPopup = true;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        else if (state == AppState::LevelSelect)
                            startLevelSelection = (startLevelSelection + 1) % 20;
                        else if (state == AppState::GameOver) {
                            state = AppState::Menu;
                            stateMgr.setState(state);
                        }
                        else if (state == AppState::Playing && showExitConfirmPopup) {
                            // Convert mouse to logical coordinates and to content-local coords
                            float lx = (mx - logicalVP.x) / logicalScale;
                            float ly = (my - logicalVP.y) / logicalScale;
                            // Compute content offsets (same as in render path)
                            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            // Map to content-local logical coords (what drawing code uses)
                            float localX = lx - contentOffsetX;
                            float localY = ly - contentOffsetY;

                            // Popup rect in logical coordinates (content-local)
                            float popupW = 420, popupH = 180;
                            float popupX = (LOGICAL_W - popupW) / 2;
                            float popupY = (LOGICAL_H - popupH) / 2;

                            if (localX >= popupX && localX <= popupX + popupW && localY >= popupY && localY <= popupY + popupH) {
                                // Inside popup: two buttons Yes / No
                                float btnW = 140, btnH = 46;
                                float yesX = popupX + popupW * 0.25f - btnW/2.0f;
                                float noX = popupX + popupW * 0.75f - btnW/2.0f;
                                float btnY = popupY + popupH - 60;
                                if (localX >= yesX && localX <= yesX + btnW && localY >= btnY && localY <= btnY + btnH) {
                                    // Yes -> go back to menu
                                    showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                                    game.reset(startLevelSelection);
                                    state = AppState::Menu;
                                    stateMgr.setState(state);
                                }
                                else if (localX >= noX && localX <= noX + btnW && localY >= btnY && localY <= btnY + btnH) {
                                    // No -> close popup and resume
                                    showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                                    game.setPaused(false);
                                }
                            } else {
                                // Click outside popup: cancel
                                showExitConfirmPopup = false;
                                game.setPaused(false);
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                else if (e.type == SDL_EVENT_MOUSE_MOTION)
                {
                    float mx = (float)e.motion.x, my = (float)e.motion.y;
                    if (mx >= logicalVP.x && my >= logicalVP.y && mx <= logicalVP.x + logicalVP.w && my <= logicalVP.y + logicalVP.h)
                    {
                        float lx = (mx - logicalVP.x) / logicalScale, ly = (my - logicalVP.y) / logicalScale;
                        if (state == AppState::Menu && !showLevelPopup && !showSettingsPopup)
                        {
                            // Compute content offsets and responsive buttons (match MenuState)
                            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                            bool isSmall = ((LOGICAL_W * logicalScale) < 700.0f);
                            float btnW = isSmall ? (LOGICAL_W * 0.4f) : 300.0f;
                            float btnH = isSmall ? 60.0f : 70.0f;
                            float btnCX = LOGICAL_W * 0.5f + contentOffsetX;
                            const float btnYOffset = 40.0f; // must match MenuState offset
                            float btnCY = LOGICAL_H * 0.86f + contentOffsetY + btnYOffset;
                            SDL_FRect playBtn{btnCX - btnW * 0.6f - btnW/2.0f, btnCY - btnH/2.0f, btnW, btnH};
                            SDL_FRect levelBtn{btnCX + btnW * 0.6f - btnW/2.0f, btnCY - btnH/2.0f, btnW, btnH};
                            
                            hoveredButton = -1;
                            if (lx >= playBtn.x && lx <= playBtn.x + playBtn.w && ly >= playBtn.y && ly <= playBtn.y + playBtn.h)
                                hoveredButton = 0;
                            else if (lx >= levelBtn.x && lx <= levelBtn.x + levelBtn.w && ly >= levelBtn.y && ly <= levelBtn.y + levelBtn.h)
                                hoveredButton = 1;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // --- Timing ---
        Uint64 now = SDL_GetTicks();
        double frameMs = double(now - lastMs);
        lastMs = now;
        const bool *ks = SDL_GetKeyboardState(nullptr);
        bool left = state == AppState::Playing && ks[SDL_SCANCODE_LEFT];
        bool right = state == AppState::Playing && ks[SDL_SCANCODE_RIGHT];
        bool down = state == AppState::Playing && ks[SDL_SCANCODE_DOWN];

        // Inform game about soft-drop state for scoring parity (1 point per cell when holding Down)
        if (state == AppState::Playing)
            game.setSoftDropping(down && !game.isPaused());
        else
            game.setSoftDropping(false);

        // Handle DAS/ARR
        int moveDir = 0;
        if (left && !right)
            moveDir = -1;
        else if (right && !left)
            moveDir = +1;

        if (moveDir != 0 && !game.isPaused())
        {
            if ((moveDir == -1 && leftHeld == false) || (moveDir == +1 && rightHeld == false))
            {
                game.move(moveDir);
                moveTimerMs = DAS;
            }
            else
            {
                moveTimerMs -= frameMs;
                if (moveTimerMs <= 0)
                {
                    game.move(moveDir);
                    moveTimerMs += ARR;
                }
            }
        }
        else
            moveTimerMs = 0;
        leftHeld = left;
        rightHeld = right;
        if (down && !game.isPaused())
            game.softDropBoost(frameMs);
        if (state == AppState::Playing)
        {
            if (!game.isPaused()) {
                game.tickGravity(frameMs);
                game.addElapsed(frameMs);
                
                // Update line effect and clear lines when animation completes
                if (lineEffect.isActive()) {
                    if (lineEffect.update(frameMs / 1000.0f)) {
                        // Effect is complete, now actually clear the lines
                        game.clearCompletedLines();
                    }
                }
            }
            if (game.isGameOver())
            {
                scores.submit(game.score(), game.lines(), game.level(), game.elapsed());
                state = AppState::GameOver;
                stateMgr.setState(state);
            }
        }
        else if (state == AppState::Loading)
        {
            // Initialize audio system and start background loading on first frame
            if (!musicLoaded && currentTrackLoading == 0) {
                Audio::instance().init();
                
                // Count actual music files first
                totalTracks = 0;
                for (int i = 1; i <= 100; ++i) { // Check up to 100 files
                    char buf[64];
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "assets/music/music%03d.mp3", i);
                    
                    // Check if file exists
                    SDL_IOStream* file = SDL_IOFromFile(buf, "rb");
                    if (file) {
                        SDL_CloseIO(file);
                        totalTracks++;
                    } else {
                        break; // No more consecutive files
                    }
                }
                
                // Add all found tracks to the background loading queue
                for (int i = 1; i <= totalTracks; ++i) {
                    char buf[64];
                    std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "assets/music/music%03d.mp3", i);
                    Audio::instance().addTrackAsync(buf);
                }
                
                // Start background loading thread
                Audio::instance().startBackgroundLoading();
                currentTrackLoading = 1; // Mark as started
            }
            
            // Update progress based on background loading
            if (currentTrackLoading > 0 && !musicLoaded) {
                currentTrackLoading = Audio::instance().getLoadedTrackCount();
                if (Audio::instance().isLoadingComplete()) {
                    Audio::instance().shuffle(); // Shuffle once all tracks are loaded
                    musicLoaded = true;
                }
            }
            
            // Calculate comprehensive loading progress
            // Phase 1: Initial assets (textures, fonts) - 20%
            double assetProgress = 0.2; // Assets are loaded at startup
            
            // Phase 2: Music loading - 70% 
            double musicProgress = 0.0;
            if (totalTracks > 0) {
                musicProgress = musicLoaded ? 0.7 : std::min(0.7, (double)currentTrackLoading / totalTracks * 0.7);
            }
            
            // Phase 3: Final initialization - 10%
            double timeProgress = std::min(0.1, (now - loadStart) / 500.0); // Faster final phase
            
            loadingProgress = assetProgress + musicProgress + timeProgress;
            
            // Ensure we never exceed 100% and reach exactly 100% when everything is loaded
            loadingProgress = std::min(1.0, loadingProgress);
            if (musicLoaded && timeProgress >= 0.1) {
                loadingProgress = 1.0;
            }
            
            if (loadingProgress >= 1.0 && musicLoaded) {
                state = AppState::Menu;
                stateMgr.setState(state);
            }
        }
        if (state == AppState::Menu || state == AppState::Playing)
        {
            if (!musicStarted && musicLoaded)
            {
                // Music tracks are already loaded during loading screen, just start playback
                Audio::instance().start();
                musicStarted = true;
            }
        }
        
        // Update starfields based on current state
        if (state == AppState::Loading) {
            starfield3D.update(float(frameMs / 1000.0f));
            starfield3D.resize(logicalVP.w, logicalVP.h); // Update for window resize
        } else {
            starfield.update(float(frameMs / 1000.0f), logicalVP.x * 2 + logicalVP.w, logicalVP.y * 2 + logicalVP.h);
        }

        // Advance level background fade if a next texture is queued
        if (nextLevelBackgroundTex) {
            levelFadeElapsed += float(frameMs);
            levelFadeAlpha = std::min(1.0f, levelFadeElapsed / LEVEL_FADE_DURATION);
        }
        
        // Update intro animations
        if (state == AppState::Menu) {
            logoAnimCounter += frameMs * 0.0008; // Animation speed
            updateFireworks(frameMs);
        }

        // --- Per-state update hooks (allow states to manage logic incrementally)
        switch (stateMgr.getState()) {
            case AppState::Loading:
                loadingState->update(frameMs);
                break;
            case AppState::Menu:
                menuState->update(frameMs);
                break;
            case AppState::Playing:
                playingState->update(frameMs);
                break;
            default:
                break;
        }

        // --- Render ---
        SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, nullptr);
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 12, 12, 16, 255);
        SDL_RenderClear(renderer);
        
    // Draw level-based background for gameplay, starfield for other states
    if (state == AppState::Playing) {
        // Use level-based background for gameplay with caching
        int currentLevel = game.level();
        int bgLevel = (currentLevel > 32) ? 32 : currentLevel; // Cap at level 32
        
        // Only load new background if level changed
        if (cachedLevel != bgLevel) {
            // Load new level background into nextLevelBackgroundTex
            if (nextLevelBackgroundTex) { SDL_DestroyTexture(nextLevelBackgroundTex); nextLevelBackgroundTex = nullptr; }
            char bgPath[256];
            snprintf(bgPath, sizeof(bgPath), "assets/images/tetris_main_back_level%d.bmp", bgLevel);
            SDL_Surface* levelBgSurface = SDL_LoadBMP(bgPath);
            if (levelBgSurface) {
                nextLevelBackgroundTex = SDL_CreateTextureFromSurface(renderer, levelBgSurface);
                SDL_DestroySurface(levelBgSurface);
                // start fade transition
                levelFadeAlpha = 0.0f;
                levelFadeElapsed = 0.0f;
                cachedLevel = bgLevel;
            } else {
                // don't change textures if file missing
                cachedLevel = -1;
            }
        }

        // Draw blended backgrounds if needed
        if (levelBackgroundTex || nextLevelBackgroundTex) {
            SDL_FRect fullRect = { 0, 0, (float)logicalVP.w, (float)logicalVP.h };
            // if fade in progress
            if (nextLevelBackgroundTex && levelFadeAlpha < 1.0f && levelBackgroundTex) {
                // draw current with inverse alpha
                SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(levelBackgroundTex, Uint8((1.0f - levelFadeAlpha) * 255));
                SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, levelBackgroundTex, nullptr, &fullRect);
                SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(nextLevelBackgroundTex, Uint8(levelFadeAlpha * 255));
                SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, nextLevelBackgroundTex, nullptr, &fullRect);
                // reset mods
                SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(levelBackgroundTex, 255);
                SDL_SetTextureAlphaMod(nextLevelBackgroundTex, 255);
            }
            else if (nextLevelBackgroundTex && (!levelBackgroundTex || levelFadeAlpha >= 1.0f)) {
                // finalise swap
                if (levelBackgroundTex) { SDL_DestroyTexture(levelBackgroundTex); }
                levelBackgroundTex = nextLevelBackgroundTex;
                nextLevelBackgroundTex = nullptr;
                levelFadeAlpha = 0.0f;
                SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, levelBackgroundTex, nullptr, &fullRect);
            }
            else if (levelBackgroundTex) {
                SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, levelBackgroundTex, nullptr, &fullRect);
            }
        }
    } else if (state == AppState::Loading) {
        // Use 3D starfield for loading screen (full screen)
        starfield3D.draw(renderer);
    } else if (state == AppState::Menu) {
        // Use static background for menu, stretched to window; no starfield on sides
        if (backgroundTex) {
            SDL_FRect fullRect = { 0, 0, (float)logicalVP.w, (float)logicalVP.h };
            SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, backgroundTex, nullptr, &fullRect);
        }
    } else {
        // Use regular starfield for other states (not gameplay)
        starfield.draw(renderer);
    }
        SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, &logicalVP);
        SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, logicalScale, logicalScale);

        switch (state)
        {
        case AppState::Loading:
        {
            // Calculate actual content area (centered within the window)
            float contentScale = logicalScale;
            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * contentScale;
            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * contentScale;
            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / contentScale;
            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / contentScale;
            
            auto drawRect = [&](float x, float y, float w, float h, SDL_Color c)
            { SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer,c.r,c.g,c.b,c.a); SDL_FRect fr{x + contentOffsetX, y + contentOffsetY, w, h}; SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer,&fr); };
            
            // Calculate dimensions for perfect centering (like JavaScript version)
            const bool isLimitedHeight = LOGICAL_H < 450;
            const float logoHeight = logoTex ? (isLimitedHeight ? LOGICAL_H * 0.25f : LOGICAL_H * 0.4f) : 0;
            const float loadingTextHeight = 20; // Height of "LOADING" text (match JS)
            const float barHeight = 20; // Loading bar height (match JS)
            const float barPaddingVertical = isLimitedHeight ? 15 : 35;
            const float percentTextHeight = 24; // Height of percentage text
            const float spacingBetweenElements = isLimitedHeight ? 5 : 15;
            
            // Total content height
            const float totalContentHeight = logoHeight + 
                                           (logoHeight > 0 ? spacingBetweenElements : 0) +
                                           loadingTextHeight + 
                                           barPaddingVertical + 
                                           barHeight + 
                                           spacingBetweenElements + 
                                           percentTextHeight;
            
            // Start Y position for perfect vertical centering
            float currentY = (LOGICAL_H - totalContentHeight) / 2.0f;
            
            // Draw logo (centered, static like JavaScript version)
            if (logoTex)
            {
                // Use the same original large logo dimensions as JS (we used a half-size BMP previously)
                const int lw = 872, lh = 273;

                // Cap logo width similar to JS UI.MAX_LOGO_WIDTH (600) and available screen space
                const float maxLogoWidth = std::min(LOGICAL_W * 0.9f, 600.0f);
                const float availableHeight = isLimitedHeight ? LOGICAL_H * 0.25f : LOGICAL_H * 0.4f;
                const float availableWidth = maxLogoWidth;

                const float scaleFactorWidth = availableWidth / static_cast<float>(lw);
                const float scaleFactorHeight = availableHeight / static_cast<float>(lh);
                const float scaleFactor = std::min(scaleFactorWidth, scaleFactorHeight);

                const float displayWidth = lw * scaleFactor;
                const float displayHeight = lh * scaleFactor;
                const float logoX = (LOGICAL_W - displayWidth) / 2.0f;
                
                SDL_FRect dst{logoX + contentOffsetX, currentY + contentOffsetY, displayWidth, displayHeight};
                SDL_RenderTexture(renderer, logoTex, nullptr, &dst);
                
                currentY += displayHeight + spacingBetweenElements;
            }
            
            // Draw "LOADING" text (centered, using pixel font)
            const char* loadingText = "LOADING";
            float textWidth = strlen(loadingText) * 12.0f; // Approximate width for pixel font
            float textX = (LOGICAL_W - textWidth) / 2.0f;
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, textX + contentOffsetX, currentY + contentOffsetY, loadingText, 1.0f, {255, 204, 0, 255});
            
            currentY += loadingTextHeight + barPaddingVertical;
            
            // Draw loading bar (like JavaScript version)
            const int barW = 400, barH = 20;
            const int bx = (LOGICAL_W - barW) / 2;
            
            // Bar border (dark gray) - using drawRect which adds content offset
            drawRect(bx - 3, currentY - 3, barW + 6, barH + 6, {68, 68, 80, 255});
            
            // Bar background (darker gray)
            drawRect(bx, currentY, barW, barH, {34, 34, 34, 255});
            
            // Progress bar (gold color)
            drawRect(bx, currentY, int(barW * loadingProgress), barH, {255, 204, 0, 255});
            
            currentY += barH + spacingBetweenElements;
            
            // Draw percentage text (centered, using pixel font)
            int percentage = int(loadingProgress * 100);
            char percentText[16];
            std::snprintf(percentText, sizeof(percentText), "%d%%", percentage);
            
            float percentWidth = strlen(percentText) * 12.0f; // Approximate width for pixel font
            float percentX = (LOGICAL_W - percentWidth) / 2.0f;
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, percentX + contentOffsetX, currentY + contentOffsetY, percentText, 1.5f, {255, 204, 0, 255});
        }
        break;
        case AppState::Menu:
            // Delegate full menu rendering to MenuState object now
            menuState->render(renderer, logicalScale, logicalVP);
            break;
        case AppState::LevelSelect:
            font.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 120, 80, "SELECT LEVEL", 2.5f, SDL_Color{255, 220, 0, 255});
            {
                char buf[64];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "LEVEL: %d", startLevelSelection);
                font.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 80, 180, buf, 2.0f, SDL_Color{200, 240, 255, 255});
            }
            font.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 180, 260, "ARROWS CHANGE  ENTER=OK  ESC=BACK", 1.2f, SDL_Color{200, 200, 220, 255});
            break;
        case AppState::Playing:
        {
            // Calculate actual content area (centered within the window)
            float contentScale = logicalScale;
            float contentW = LOGICAL_W * contentScale;
            float contentH = LOGICAL_H * contentScale;
            float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / contentScale;
            float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / contentScale;
            
            // Draw the game with layout matching the JavaScript version
            auto drawRect = [&](float x, float y, float w, float h, SDL_Color c)
            {
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, c.r, c.g, c.b, c.a);
                SDL_FRect fr{x + contentOffsetX, y + contentOffsetY, w, h};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &fr);
            };

            // Responsive layout that scales with window size while maintaining margins
            // Calculate available space considering UI panels and margins
            const float MIN_MARGIN = 40.0f;  // Minimum margin from edges
            const float TOP_MARGIN = 60.0f;  // Extra top margin for better spacing
            const float PANEL_WIDTH = 180.0f;  // Width of side panels
            const float PANEL_SPACING = 30.0f;  // Space between grid and panels
            const float NEXT_PIECE_HEIGHT = 120.0f; // Space reserved for next piece preview (increased)
            const float BOTTOM_MARGIN = 60.0f; // Space for controls text at bottom
            
            // Available width = Total width - margins - left panel - right panel - spacing
            const float availableWidth = LOGICAL_W - (MIN_MARGIN * 2) - (PANEL_WIDTH * 2) - (PANEL_SPACING * 2);
            const float availableHeight = LOGICAL_H - TOP_MARGIN - BOTTOM_MARGIN - NEXT_PIECE_HEIGHT;
            
            // Calculate block size based on available space (maintain 10:20 aspect ratio)
            const float maxBlockSizeW = availableWidth / Game::COLS;
            const float maxBlockSizeH = availableHeight / Game::ROWS;
            const float BLOCK_SIZE = std::min(maxBlockSizeW, maxBlockSizeH);
            
            // Ensure minimum and maximum block sizes
            const float finalBlockSize = std::max(20.0f, std::min(BLOCK_SIZE, 40.0f));
            
            const float GRID_W = Game::COLS * finalBlockSize;
            const float GRID_H = Game::ROWS * finalBlockSize;
            
            // Calculate vertical position with proper top margin
            const float totalContentHeight = NEXT_PIECE_HEIGHT + GRID_H;
            const float availableVerticalSpace = LOGICAL_H - TOP_MARGIN - BOTTOM_MARGIN;
            const float verticalCenterOffset = (availableVerticalSpace - totalContentHeight) * 0.5f;
            const float contentStartY = TOP_MARGIN + verticalCenterOffset;
            
            // Perfect horizontal centering - center the entire layout (grid + panels) in the window
            const float totalLayoutWidth = PANEL_WIDTH + PANEL_SPACING + GRID_W + PANEL_SPACING + PANEL_WIDTH;
            const float layoutStartX = (LOGICAL_W - totalLayoutWidth) * 0.5f;
            
            // Calculate panel and grid positions from the centered layout
            const float statsX = layoutStartX + contentOffsetX;
            const float gridX = layoutStartX + PANEL_WIDTH + PANEL_SPACING + contentOffsetX;
            const float scoreX = layoutStartX + PANEL_WIDTH + PANEL_SPACING + GRID_W + PANEL_SPACING + contentOffsetX;
            
            // Position grid with proper top spacing
            const float gridY = contentStartY + NEXT_PIECE_HEIGHT + contentOffsetY;
            
            // Panel dimensions and positions
            const float statsY = gridY;
            const float statsW = PANEL_WIDTH;
            const float statsH = GRID_H;
            
            const float scoreY = gridY;
            const float scoreW = PANEL_WIDTH;
            
            // Next piece preview (above grid, centered)
            const float nextW = finalBlockSize * 4 + 20;
            const float nextH = finalBlockSize * 2 + 20;
            const float nextX = gridX + (GRID_W - nextW) * 0.5f;
            const float nextY = contentStartY + contentOffsetY;
            
            // Handle line clearing effects (now that we have grid coordinates)
            if (game.hasCompletedLines() && !lineEffect.isActive()) {
                auto completedLines = game.getCompletedLines();
                lineEffect.startLineClear(completedLines, static_cast<int>(gridX), static_cast<int>(gridY), static_cast<int>(finalBlockSize));
            }
            
            // Draw panels with borders (like JS version)
            
            // Game grid border
            drawRect(gridX - 3 - contentOffsetX, gridY - 3 - contentOffsetY, GRID_W + 6, GRID_H + 6, {100, 120, 200, 255}); // Outer border
            drawRect(gridX - 1 - contentOffsetX, gridY - 1 - contentOffsetY, GRID_W + 2, GRID_H + 2, {60, 80, 160, 255});   // Inner border
            drawRect(gridX - contentOffsetX, gridY - contentOffsetY, GRID_W, GRID_H, {20, 25, 35, 255}); // Background
            
            // Left panel background (BLOCKS panel) - translucent, slightly shorter height
            {
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 10, 15, 25, 160);
                SDL_FRect lbg{statsX - 16, gridY - 10, statsW + 32, GRID_H + 20};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &lbg);
            }
            // Right panel background (SCORE/LINES/LEVEL etc) - translucent
            {
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 10, 15, 25, 160);
                SDL_FRect rbg{scoreX - 16, gridY - 16, scoreW + 32, GRID_H + 32};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &rbg);
            }

            // Draw grid lines (subtle lines to show cell boundaries)
            SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 40, 45, 60, 255); // Slightly lighter than background
            
            // Vertical grid lines
            for (int x = 1; x < Game::COLS; ++x) {
                float lineX = gridX + x * finalBlockSize; // Remove duplicate contentOffsetX
                SDL_RenderLine(renderer, lineX, gridY, lineX, gridY + GRID_H);
            }
            
            // Horizontal grid lines
            for (int y = 1; y < Game::ROWS; ++y) {
                float lineY = gridY + y * finalBlockSize; // Remove duplicate contentOffsetY
                SDL_RenderLine(renderer, gridX, lineY, gridX + GRID_W, lineY);
            }
            
            // Block statistics panel
            drawRect(statsX - 3 - contentOffsetX, statsY - 3 - contentOffsetY, statsW + 6, statsH + 6, {100, 120, 200, 255});
            drawRect(statsX - contentOffsetX, statsY - contentOffsetY, statsW, statsH, {30, 35, 50, 255});
            
            // Next piece preview panel
            drawRect(nextX - 3 - contentOffsetX, nextY - 3 - contentOffsetY, nextW + 6, nextH + 6, {100, 120, 200, 255});
            drawRect(nextX - contentOffsetX, nextY - contentOffsetY, nextW, nextH, {30, 35, 50, 255});
            
            // Draw the game board
            const auto &board = game.boardRef();
            for (int y = 0; y < Game::ROWS; ++y)
            {
                for (int x = 0; x < Game::COLS; ++x)
                {
                    int v = board[y * Game::COLS + x];
                    if (v > 0) {
                        float bx = gridX + x * finalBlockSize;
                        float by = gridY + y * finalBlockSize;
                        drawBlockTexture(renderer, blocksTex, bx, by, finalBlockSize, v - 1);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Draw ghost piece (where current piece will land)
            if (!game.isPaused()) {
                Game::Piece ghostPiece = game.current();
                // Find landing position
                while (true) {
                    Game::Piece testPiece = ghostPiece;
                    testPiece.y++;
                    bool collision = false;
                    
                    // Simple collision check
                    for (int cy = 0; cy < 4; ++cy) {
                        for (int cx = 0; cx < 4; ++cx) {
                            if (Game::cellFilled(testPiece, cx, cy)) {
                                int gx = testPiece.x + cx;
                                int gy = testPiece.y + cy;
                                if (gy >= Game::ROWS || gx < 0 || gx >= Game::COLS || 
                                    (gy >= 0 && board[gy * Game::COLS + gx] != 0)) {
                                    collision = true;
                                    break;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                        if (collision) break;
                    }
                    
                    if (collision) break;
                    ghostPiece = testPiece;
                }
                
                // Draw ghost piece
                drawPiece(renderer, blocksTex, ghostPiece, gridX, gridY, finalBlockSize, true);
            }

            // Draw the falling piece
            if (!game.isPaused()) {
                drawPiece(renderer, blocksTex, game.current(), gridX, gridY, finalBlockSize, false);
            }
            
            // Draw line clearing effects
            if (lineEffect.isActive()) {
                lineEffect.render(renderer, static_cast<int>(gridX), static_cast<int>(gridY), static_cast<int>(finalBlockSize));
            }

            // Draw next piece preview
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, nextX + 10, nextY - 20, "NEXT", 1.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
            if (game.next().type < PIECE_COUNT) {
                drawSmallPiece(renderer, blocksTex, game.next().type, nextX + 10, nextY + 10, finalBlockSize * 0.6f);
            }

            // Draw block statistics (left panel)
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, statsX + 10, statsY + 10, "BLOCKS", 1.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
            
            const auto& blockCounts = game.getBlockCounts();
            int totalBlocks = 0; for (int i = 0; i < PIECE_COUNT; ++i) totalBlocks += blockCounts[i];
            const char* pieceNames[] = {"I", "O", "T", "S", "Z", "J", "L"};
            // Dynamic vertical cursor so bars sit below blocks cleanly
            float yCursor = statsY + 52;
            for (int i = 0; i < PIECE_COUNT; ++i) {
                // Baseline for this entry
                float py = yCursor;

                // Draw small piece icon (top of entry)
                float previewSize = finalBlockSize * 0.55f;
                drawSmallPiece(renderer, blocksTex, static_cast<PieceType>(i), statsX + 18, py, previewSize);

                // Compute preview height in tiles (rotation 0)
                int maxCy = -1;
                {
                    Game::Piece prev; prev.type = static_cast<PieceType>(i); prev.rot = 0; prev.x = 0; prev.y = 0;
                    for (int cy = 0; cy < 4; ++cy) {
                        for (int cx = 0; cx < 4; ++cx) {
                            if (Game::cellFilled(prev, cx, cy)) maxCy = std::max(maxCy, cy);
                        }
                    }
                }
                int tilesHigh = (maxCy >= 0 ? maxCy + 1 : 1);
                float previewHeight = tilesHigh * previewSize;

                // Count on the right, near the top (aligned with blocks)
                int count = blockCounts[i];
                char countStr[16];
                snprintf(countStr, sizeof(countStr), "%d", count);
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, statsX + statsW - 20, py + 6, countStr, 1.1f, {240, 240, 245, 255});

                // Percentage and bar BELOW the blocks
                int perc = (totalBlocks > 0) ? int(std::round(100.0 * double(count) / double(totalBlocks))) : 0;
                char percStr[16];
                snprintf(percStr, sizeof(percStr), "%d%%", perc);

                float barX = statsX + 12;
                float barY = py + previewHeight + 18.0f;
                float barW = statsW - 24;
                float barH = 6;

                // Percent text just above the bar (left)
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, barX, barY - 16, percStr, 0.8f, {230, 230, 235, 255});

                // Track
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 170, 170, 175, 200);
                SDL_FRect track{barX, barY, barW, barH};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &track);
                // Fill (piece color)
                SDL_Color pc = COLORS[i + 1];
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, pc.r, pc.g, pc.b, 230);
                float fillW = barW * (perc / 100.0f);
                if (fillW < 0) fillW = 0; if (fillW > barW) fillW = barW;
                SDL_FRect fill{barX, barY, fillW, barH};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &fill);

                // Advance cursor: bar bottom + spacing
                yCursor = barY + barH + 18.0f;
            }

            // Draw score panel (right side), centered vertically in grid
            // Compute content vertical centering based on known offsets
            const float contentTopOffset = 0.0f;
            const float contentBottomOffset = 290.0f; // last line (time value)
            const float contentPad = 36.0f;
            float scoreContentH = (contentBottomOffset - contentTopOffset) + contentPad;
            float baseY = gridY + (GRID_H - scoreContentH) * 0.5f;

            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 0, "SCORE", 1.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
            char scoreStr[32];
            snprintf(scoreStr, sizeof(scoreStr), "%d", game.score());
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 25, scoreStr, 0.9f, {255, 255, 255, 255});

            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 70, "LINES", 1.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
            char linesStr[16];
            snprintf(linesStr, sizeof(linesStr), "%03d", game.lines());
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 95, linesStr, 0.9f, {255, 255, 255, 255});

            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 140, "LEVEL", 1.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
            char levelStr[16];
            snprintf(levelStr, sizeof(levelStr), "%02d", game.level());
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 165, levelStr, 0.9f, {255, 255, 255, 255});

            // Next level progress
            // JS rules: first threshold = (startLevel+1)*10; afterwards every +10
            int startLv = game.startLevelBase(); // 0-based
            int firstThreshold = (startLv + 1) * 10;
            int linesDone = game.lines();
            int nextThreshold = 0;
            if (linesDone < firstThreshold) {
                nextThreshold = firstThreshold;
            } else {
                int blocksPast = linesDone - firstThreshold;
                nextThreshold = firstThreshold + ((blocksPast / 10) + 1) * 10;
            }
            int linesForNext = std::max(0, nextThreshold - linesDone);
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 200, "NEXT LVL", 1.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
            char nextStr[32];
            snprintf(nextStr, sizeof(nextStr), "%d  LINES", linesForNext);
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 225, nextStr, 0.9f, {80, 255, 120, 255});

            // Time
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 265, "TIME", 1.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
            int totalSecs = static_cast<int>(game.elapsed());
            int mins = totalSecs / 60;
            int secs = totalSecs % 60;
            char timeStr[16];
            snprintf(timeStr, sizeof(timeStr), "%02d:%02d", mins, secs);
            pixelFont.draw(renderer, scoreX, baseY + 290, timeStr, 0.9f, {255, 255, 255, 255});

            // --- Gravity HUD: show current gravity in ms and equivalent fps (top-right) ---
            {
                char gms[64];
                double gms_val = game.getGravityMs();
                double gfps = gms_val > 0.0 ? (1000.0 / gms_val) : 0.0;
                snprintf(gms, sizeof(gms), "GRAV: %.0f ms (%.2f fps)", gms_val, gfps);
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W - 260, 10, gms, 0.9f, {200, 200, 220, 255});
            }

            // Hold piece (if implemented)
            if (game.held().type < PIECE_COUNT) {
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, statsX + 10, statsY + statsH - 80, "HOLD", 1.0f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
                drawSmallPiece(renderer, blocksTex, game.held().type, statsX + 60, statsY + statsH - 80, finalBlockSize * 0.6f);
            }

            // Pause overlay: don't draw pause UI when the exit-confirm popup is showing
            if (game.isPaused() && !showExitConfirmPopup) {
                // Semi-transparent overlay
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 180);
                SDL_FRect pauseOverlay{0, 0, LOGICAL_W, LOGICAL_H};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &pauseOverlay);
                
                // Pause text
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 80, LOGICAL_H * 0.5f - 20, "PAUSED", 2.0f, {255, 255, 255, 255});
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 120, LOGICAL_H * 0.5f + 30, "Press P to resume", 0.8f, {200, 200, 220, 255});
            }

            // Exit confirmation popup (modal)
            if (showExitConfirmPopup) {
                // Compute content offsets for consistent placement across window sizes
                float contentW = LOGICAL_W * logicalScale;
                float contentH = LOGICAL_H * logicalScale;
                float contentOffsetX = (winW - contentW) * 0.5f / logicalScale;
                float contentOffsetY = (winH - contentH) * 0.5f / logicalScale;

                float popupW = 420, popupH = 180;
                float popupX = (LOGICAL_W - popupW) / 2;
                float popupY = (LOGICAL_H - popupH) / 2;

                // Dim entire window (use window coordinates so it always covers 100% of the target)
                SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, nullptr);
                SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, 0, 0, 0, 200);
                SDL_FRect fullWin{0.f, 0.f, (float)winW, (float)winH};
                SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &fullWin);
                // Restore logical viewport for drawing content-local popup
                SDL_SetRenderViewport(renderer, &logicalVP);

                // Draw popup box (drawRect will apply contentOffset internally)
                drawRect(popupX - 4, popupY - 4, popupW + 8, popupH + 8, {60, 70, 90, 255});
                drawRect(popupX, popupY, popupW, popupH, {20, 22, 28, 240});

                // Center title and body text inside popup (use pixelFont for retro P2 font)
                const std::string title = "Exit game?";
                const std::string line1 = "Are you sure you want to";
                const std::string line2 = "leave the current game?";

                int wTitle=0,hTitle=0; pixelFont.measure( title, 1.6f, wTitle, hTitle);
                int wL1=0,hL1=0; pixelFont.measure( line1, 0.9f, wL1, hL1);
                int wL2=0,hL2=0; pixelFont.measure( line2, 0.9f, wL2, hL2);

                float titleX = popupX + (popupW - (float)wTitle) * 0.5f;
                float l1X = popupX + (popupW - (float)wL1) * 0.5f;
                float l2X = popupX + (popupW - (float)wL2) * 0.5f;

                pixelFont.draw(renderer, titleX + contentOffsetX, popupY + contentOffsetY + 20, title, 1.6f, {255, 220, 0, 255});
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, l1X + contentOffsetX, popupY + contentOffsetY + 60, line1, 0.9f, SDL_Color{220,220,230,255});
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, l2X + contentOffsetX, popupY + contentOffsetY + 84, line2, 0.9f, SDL_Color{220,220,230,255});

                // Buttons (center labels inside buttons) - use pixelFont for labels
                float btnW = 140, btnH = 46;
                float yesX = popupX + popupW * 0.25f - btnW/2.0f;
                float noX = popupX + popupW * 0.75f - btnW/2.0f;
                float btnY = popupY + popupH - 60;

                drawRect(yesX - 2, btnY - 2, btnW + 4, btnH + 4, {100, 120, 140, 255});
                drawRect(yesX, btnY, btnW, btnH, {200, 60, 60, 255});
                const std::string yes = "YES";
                int wy=0,hy=0; pixelFont.measure( yes, 1.0f, wy, hy);
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, yesX + (btnW - (float)wy) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, btnY + (btnH - (float)hy) * 0.5f + contentOffsetY, yes, 1.0f, {255,255,255,255});

                drawRect(noX - 2, btnY - 2, btnW + 4, btnH + 4, {100, 120, 140, 255});
                drawRect(noX, btnY, btnW, btnH, {80, 140, 80, 255});
                const std::string no = "NO";
                int wn=0,hn=0; pixelFont.measure( no, 1.0f, wn, hn);
                pixelFont.draw(renderer, noX + (btnW - (float)wn) * 0.5f + contentOffsetX, btnY + (btnH - (float)hn) * 0.5f + contentOffsetY, no, 1.0f, {255,255,255,255});
            }

            // Controls hint at bottom
            font.draw(renderer, 20, LOGICAL_H - 30, "ARROWS=Move  Z/X=Rotate  C=Hold  SPACE=Drop  P=Pause  ESC=Menu", 1.0f, {150, 150, 170, 255});
        }
        break;
        case AppState::GameOver:
            font.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 120, 140, "GAME OVER", 3.0f, SDL_Color{255, 80, 60, 255});
            {
                char buf[128];
                std::snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "SCORE %d  LINES %d  LEVEL %d", game.score(), game.lines(), game.level());
                font.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 120, 220, buf, 1.2f, SDL_Color{220, 220, 230, 255});
            }
            font.draw(renderer, LOGICAL_W * 0.5f - 120, 270, "PRESS ENTER / SPACE", 1.2f, SDL_Color{200, 200, 220, 255});
            break;
        }

        SDL_RenderPresent(renderer);
        SDL_SetRenderScale(renderer, 1.f, 1.f);
    }
    if (logoTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(logoTex);
    if (backgroundTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(backgroundTex);
    if (levelBackgroundTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(levelBackgroundTex);
    if (blocksTex)
        SDL_DestroyTexture(blocksTex);
    lineEffect.shutdown();
    Audio::instance().shutdown();
    SoundEffectManager::instance().shutdown();
    font.shutdown();
    TTF_Quit();
    SDL_DestroyRenderer(renderer);
    SDL_DestroyWindow(window);
    SDL_Quit();
    return 0;
}