spacetris/src/graphics/effects/SpaceWarp.cpp

#include "SpaceWarp.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cmath>

namespace {
constexpr float MIN_ASPECT = 0.001f;
}

SpaceWarp::SpaceWarp() {
    std::random_device rd;
    rng.seed(rd());
    setFlightMode(SpaceWarpFlightMode::Forward);
}

void SpaceWarp::init(int w, int h, int starCount) {
    resize(w, h);
    stars.resize(std::max(8, starCount));
    for (auto& star : stars) {
        respawn(star, true);
    }
    comets.clear();
    cometSpawnTimer = randomRange(settings.cometSpawnIntervalMin, settings.cometSpawnIntervalMax);
}

void SpaceWarp::resize(int w, int h) {
    width = std::max(1, w);
    height = std::max(1, h);
    centerX = width * 0.5f;
    centerY = height * 0.5f;
    warpFactor = std::max(width, height) * settings.warpFactorScale;
}

void SpaceWarp::setSettings(const SpaceWarpSettings& newSettings) {
    settings = newSettings;
    warpFactor = std::max(width, height) * settings.warpFactorScale;
    cometSpawnTimer = std::clamp(cometSpawnTimer, settings.cometSpawnIntervalMin, settings.cometSpawnIntervalMax);
}

void SpaceWarp::setFlightMode(SpaceWarpFlightMode mode) {
    flightMode = mode;
    autoPilotEnabled = false;
    switch (mode) {
        case SpaceWarpFlightMode::Forward:
            motion = {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
            break;
        case SpaceWarpFlightMode::BankLeft:
            motion = {1.05f, -0.85f, 0.0f};
            break;
        case SpaceWarpFlightMode::BankRight:
            motion = {1.05f, 0.85f, 0.0f};
            break;
        case SpaceWarpFlightMode::Reverse:
            motion = {-0.6f, 0.0f, 0.0f};
            break;
        case SpaceWarpFlightMode::Custom:
        default:
            break;
    }
}

void SpaceWarp::setFlightMotion(const SpaceWarpFlightMotion& newMotion) {
    motion = newMotion;
    flightMode = SpaceWarpFlightMode::Custom;
    autoPilotEnabled = false;
}

void SpaceWarp::setAutoPilotEnabled(bool enabled) {
    autoPilotEnabled = enabled;
    if (enabled) {
        flightMode = SpaceWarpFlightMode::Custom;
        motionTarget = motion;
        autoTimer = 0.0f;
        scheduleNewAutoTarget();
    }
}

void SpaceWarp::scheduleNewAutoTarget() {
    motionTarget.forwardScale = randomRange(0.82f, 1.28f);
    if (randomRange(0.0f, 1.0f) < 0.12f) {
        motionTarget.forwardScale = -randomRange(0.35f, 0.85f);
    }
    motionTarget.lateralSpeed = randomRange(-1.35f, 1.35f);
    motionTarget.verticalSpeed = randomRange(-0.75f, 0.75f);
    autoTimer = randomRange(autoMinInterval, autoMaxInterval);
}

void SpaceWarp::spawnComet() {
    WarpComet comet;
    float aspect = static_cast<float>(width) / static_cast<float>(std::max(1, height));
    float normalizedAspect = std::max(aspect, MIN_ASPECT);
    float xRange = settings.baseSpawnRange * 1.2f * (aspect >= 1.0f ? aspect : 1.0f);
    float yRange = settings.baseSpawnRange * 1.2f * (aspect >= 1.0f ? 1.0f : (1.0f / normalizedAspect));
    comet.x = randomRange(-xRange, xRange);
    comet.y = randomRange(-yRange, yRange);
    comet.z = randomRange(minDepth + 4.0f, maxDepth);
    float baseSpeed = randomRange(settings.minSpeed, settings.maxSpeed);
    float multiplier = randomRange(settings.cometSpeedMultiplierMin, settings.cometSpeedMultiplierMax);
    comet.speed = baseSpeed * multiplier;
    comet.size = randomRange(settings.cometMinSize, settings.cometMaxSize);
    comet.trailLength = randomRange(settings.cometMinTrail, settings.cometMaxTrail);
    comet.life = randomRange(1.8f, 3.4f);
    comet.maxLife = comet.life;
    float shade = randomRange(0.85f, 1.0f);
    Uint8 c = static_cast<Uint8>(std::clamp(220.0f + shade * 35.0f, 0.0f, 255.0f));
    comet.color = SDL_Color{c, Uint8(std::min(255.0f, c * 0.95f)), 255, 255};
    comet.prevScreenX = centerX;
    comet.prevScreenY = centerY;
    comet.screenX = centerX;
    comet.screenY = centerY;
    comets.push_back(comet);
}

float SpaceWarp::randomRange(float min, float max) {
    std::uniform_real_distribution<float> dist(min, max);
    return dist(rng);
}

static int randomIntInclusive(std::mt19937& rng, int min, int max) {
    std::uniform_int_distribution<int> dist(min, max);
    return dist(rng);
}

void SpaceWarp::respawn(WarpStar& star, bool randomDepth) {
    float aspect = static_cast<float>(width) / static_cast<float>(std::max(1, height));
    float normalizedAspect = std::max(aspect, MIN_ASPECT);
    float xRange = settings.baseSpawnRange * (aspect >= 1.0f ? aspect : 1.0f);
    float yRange = settings.baseSpawnRange * (aspect >= 1.0f ? 1.0f : (1.0f / normalizedAspect));
    star.x = randomRange(-xRange, xRange);
    star.y = randomRange(-yRange, yRange);
    star.z = randomDepth ? randomRange(minDepth, maxDepth) : maxDepth;
    star.speed = randomRange(settings.minSpeed, settings.maxSpeed);
    star.shade = randomRange(settings.minShade, settings.maxShade);
    static constexpr Uint8 GRAY_SHADES[] = {160, 180, 200, 220, 240};
    int idx = randomIntInclusive(rng, 0, int(std::size(GRAY_SHADES)) - 1);
    star.baseShade = GRAY_SHADES[idx];
    star.prevScreenX = centerX;
    star.prevScreenY = centerY;
    star.screenX = centerX;
    star.screenY = centerY;
}

bool SpaceWarp::project(const WarpStar& star, float& outX, float& outY) const {
    return projectPoint(star.x, star.y, star.z, outX, outY);
}

bool SpaceWarp::projectPoint(float x, float y, float z, float& outX, float& outY) const {
    if (z <= minDepth) {
        return false;
    }
    float perspective = warpFactor / (z + 0.001f);
    outX = centerX + x * perspective;
    outY = centerY + y * perspective;
    const float margin = settings.spawnMargin;
    return outX >= -margin && outX <= width + margin && outY >= -margin && outY <= height + margin;
}

void SpaceWarp::update(float deltaSeconds) {
    if (stars.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    if (settings.cometSpawnIntervalMax > 0.0f) {
        cometSpawnTimer -= deltaSeconds;
        if (cometSpawnTimer <= 0.0f) {
            spawnComet();
            cometSpawnTimer = randomRange(settings.cometSpawnIntervalMin, settings.cometSpawnIntervalMax);
        }
    }

    if (autoPilotEnabled) {
        autoTimer -= deltaSeconds;
        if (autoTimer <= 0.0f) {
            scheduleNewAutoTarget();
        }
        auto follow = std::clamp(deltaSeconds * 0.45f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        motion.forwardScale = std::lerp(motion.forwardScale, motionTarget.forwardScale, follow);
        motion.lateralSpeed = std::lerp(motion.lateralSpeed, motionTarget.lateralSpeed, follow);
        motion.verticalSpeed = std::lerp(motion.verticalSpeed, motionTarget.verticalSpeed, follow);
    }

    const float forwardScale = (std::abs(motion.forwardScale) < 0.01f)
        ? (motion.forwardScale >= 0.0f ? 0.01f : -0.01f)
        : motion.forwardScale;
    const bool movingBackward = forwardScale < 0.0f;
    const float lateralSpeed = motion.lateralSpeed;
    const float verticalSpeed = motion.verticalSpeed;

    for (auto& star : stars) {
        star.z -= star.speed * deltaSeconds * forwardScale;
        if (!movingBackward) {
            if (star.z <= minDepth) {
                respawn(star, true);
                continue;
            }
        } else {
            if (star.z >= maxDepth) {
                respawn(star, true);
                star.z = minDepth + randomRange(0.25f, 24.0f);
                continue;
            }
        }

        float closeness = 1.0f - std::clamp(star.z / maxDepth, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        float driftScale = (0.35f + closeness * 1.25f);
        star.x += lateralSpeed * deltaSeconds * driftScale;
        star.y += verticalSpeed * deltaSeconds * driftScale;

        float sx = 0.0f;
        float sy = 0.0f;
        if (!project(star, sx, sy)) {
            respawn(star, true);
            continue;
        }

        star.prevScreenX = star.screenX;
        star.prevScreenY = star.screenY;
        star.screenX = sx;
        star.screenY = sy;

        float dx = star.screenX - star.prevScreenX;
        float dy = star.screenY - star.prevScreenY;
        float lenSq = dx * dx + dy * dy;
        float maxStreak = std::max(settings.maxTrailLength, 0.0f);
        if (maxStreak > 0.0f && lenSq > maxStreak * maxStreak) {
            float len = std::sqrt(lenSq);
            float scale = maxStreak / len;
            star.prevScreenX = star.screenX - dx * scale;
            star.prevScreenY = star.screenY - dy * scale;
        }
    }

    for (auto it = comets.begin(); it != comets.end();) {
        auto& comet = *it;
        comet.life -= deltaSeconds;
        comet.z -= comet.speed * deltaSeconds * forwardScale;
        bool expired = comet.life <= 0.0f;
        if (!movingBackward) {
            if (comet.z <= minDepth * 0.35f) expired = true;
        } else {
            if (comet.z >= maxDepth + 40.0f) expired = true;
        }

        float closeness = 1.0f - std::clamp(comet.z / maxDepth, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        float driftScale = (0.45f + closeness * 1.6f);
        comet.x += lateralSpeed * deltaSeconds * driftScale;
        comet.y += verticalSpeed * deltaSeconds * driftScale;

        float sx = 0.0f;
        float sy = 0.0f;
        if (!projectPoint(comet.x, comet.y, comet.z, sx, sy)) {
            expired = true;
        } else {
            comet.prevScreenX = comet.screenX;
            comet.prevScreenY = comet.screenY;
            comet.screenX = sx;
            comet.screenY = sy;

            float dx = comet.screenX - comet.prevScreenX;
            float dy = comet.screenY - comet.prevScreenY;
            float lenSq = dx * dx + dy * dy;
            float maxTrail = std::max(comet.trailLength, 0.0f);
            if (maxTrail > 0.0f && lenSq > maxTrail * maxTrail) {
                float len = std::sqrt(lenSq);
                float scale = maxTrail / len;
                comet.prevScreenX = comet.screenX - dx * scale;
                comet.prevScreenY = comet.screenY - dy * scale;
            }
        }

        if (expired) {
            it = comets.erase(it);
        } else {
            ++it;
        }
    }
}

void SpaceWarp::draw(SDL_Renderer* renderer, float alphaScale) {
    if (stars.empty()) {
        return;
    }

    SDL_BlendMode previous = SDL_BLENDMODE_NONE;
    SDL_GetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, &previous);
    SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, SDL_BLENDMODE_ADD);

    for (const auto& star : stars) {
        float depthFactor = 1.0f - std::clamp(star.z / maxDepth, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        float alphaBase = std::clamp(settings.minAlpha + depthFactor * settings.alphaDepthBoost, 0.0f, 255.0f);
        Uint8 alpha = static_cast<Uint8>(std::clamp(alphaBase * alphaScale, 0.0f, 255.0f));
        float colorValue = std::clamp(
            star.baseShade * (settings.baseShadeScale + depthFactor * settings.depthColorScale) * star.shade,
            settings.minColor,
            settings.maxColor);
        Uint8 color = static_cast<Uint8>(colorValue);

        if (settings.drawTrails) {
            float trailAlphaFloat = alpha * settings.trailAlphaScale;
            Uint8 trailAlpha = static_cast<Uint8>(std::clamp(trailAlphaFloat, 0.0f, 255.0f));
            SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, color, color, color, trailAlpha);
            SDL_RenderLine(renderer, star.prevScreenX, star.prevScreenY, star.screenX, star.screenY);
        }

        float dotSize = std::clamp(settings.minDotSize + depthFactor * (settings.maxDotSize - settings.minDotSize),
                                   settings.minDotSize,
                                   settings.maxDotSize);
        SDL_FRect dot{star.screenX - dotSize * 0.5f, star.screenY - dotSize * 0.5f, dotSize, dotSize};
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, color, color, color, alpha);
        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &dot);
    }

    for (const auto& comet : comets) {
        float lifeNorm = std::clamp(comet.life / comet.maxLife, 0.0f, 1.0f);
        Uint8 alpha = static_cast<Uint8>(std::clamp(220.0f * lifeNorm, 0.0f, 255.0f));
        SDL_SetRenderDrawColor(renderer, comet.color.r, comet.color.g, comet.color.b, alpha);
        SDL_RenderLine(renderer, comet.prevScreenX, comet.prevScreenY, comet.screenX, comet.screenY);

        float size = comet.size * (0.8f + (1.0f - lifeNorm) * 0.6f);
        SDL_FRect head{comet.screenX - size * 0.5f, comet.screenY - size * 0.5f, size, size};
        SDL_RenderFillRect(renderer, &head);
    }

    SDL_SetRenderDrawBlendMode(renderer, previous);
}